Coopetitive Games for Sustainability of Global Feeding and Climate Change: Recent Developments
Abstract
In this paper, we face the problem of global feeding sustainability and related environmental issues, with a strong attention to possible public heath improvements. In particular, we consider food producers and sellers of vegan (or vegetarian) and non-vegan (or non-vegetarian) food and we build up feasible and measurable contracts between two different food producers, in order to construct a more sustainable and healthier diet for future generations. At this aim, we use co-opetitive approach by means of game theory. Our co-opetitive approach consists in a game theory structure, which could help small local producers of vegan food a simpler entry in the global market and free significant publicity. At the same time, our mathematical construction suggests how big global producers/sellers of non-vegetarian food could develop a smooth rapid transaction to a more sustainable and healthier production/supply. Specifically, our game constitutes an asymmetric R&D alliance between McDonald’s and the local producer of the so called vegan product "Muscle of Wheat". We finally show a quantitative compromise solution, obtained by the Kalai-Smorodinsky principles, in a numerical study (exemplary) case.
References
[2] Albanesi, R. 2013. Muscolo di grano. Available at: http://www.albanesi.it/alimentazione/cibi/muscolo.htm
[3] Alvarez, S.A., and Barney, J.B. 2001. How Entrepreneurial Firms Can Benefit from Alliances with Large Partners. Academy of Management Executive 15(1): 139-148. doi:10.5465/ame.2001.4251563
[4] Arthanari, T., Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2015. Game Theoretic Modeling of Horizontal Supply Chain Coopetition among Growers. International Game Theory Review, 17(2). doi: 10.1142/S0219198915400137.
[5] Aubin, J.P. 1997. Mathematical Methods of Game and Economic Theory, North-Holland.
[6] Aubin, J.P. 1998. Optima and Equilibria, Springer Verlag.
[7] Baglieri, D., Carfì, D., and Dagnino, G. 2016a. A Coopetitive Game Model for Asymmetric R&D Alliances within a generalized "Reverse Deal", Aracne editrice.
[8] Baglieri, D., Carfì, D., and Dagnino, G. 2016b. Asymmetric R&D Alliances in the Biopharmaceutical Industry. International Studies of Management and Organization, 46 (2(3)): 179-201, 2016. doi:10.1080/00208825.2016.1112154.
[9] Baglieri, D., Carfì, D., and Dagnino, G. B. 2012. Asymmetric R&D Alliances and Coopetitive Games. In Advances in Computational Intelligence, Springer-Verlag, 607-621 pp. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31724-8_64.
[10] Baumert, K.A., Herzog, T., Pershing, J. and Institute W.R. 2005. Navigating the numbers: Greenhouse gas data and international climate policy. Washington, D.C: World Resources Institute.
[11] Böll-Stiftung, H. 2014. Meat Atlas. Fact and figures about the animals we eat. Friends of the Earth Europe. Available at: https://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/publications/foee_hbf_meatatlas_jan2014.pdf
[12] Branderburger, A.M., and Nalebuff, B.J. 1996. Coopetition. New York, Currency Doubleday.
[13] Brandenburger, A.M., and Nalebuff, B.J. 1995. The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 64: 57-71, July-August.
[14] Campbell, M., and Carfì, D. 2017. Speculative and Hedging Interaction Model in Oil and U.S. Dollar Markets – Phase Transition. Journal of Statistical Physics, 170 (1): 165-205. doi: 10.1007/s10955-017-1915-7
[15] Campbell, M., and Carfì, D. 2015. Bounded Rational Speculative and Hedging Interaction Model in Oil and U.S. Dollar Markets. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 1(1): 4-28.
[16] Carfì, D. 2017. A game Pareto complete analysis in n-dimensions: a general applicative study case. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 3 (1(4)): 23-45.
[17] Carfì, D. 2015. A model for coopetitive games. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 1(1): 46-75.
[18] Carfì, D. 2012. Coopetitive Games and Applications. In Advances and Applications in Game Theory, 128-147 pp. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3526.6005
[19] Carfì, D. 2009a. Decision-Form Games. In Communications to SIMAI Congress - Proceedings of the 9th Congress of SIMAI, 3(307): 1-12. doi:10.1685/CSC09307
[20] Carfì, D. 2009b. Payoff space in C1-games. APPS | Applied Sciences, 11: 35-47. Available at: http://www.mathem.pub.ro/apps/v11/A11-ca.pdf
[21] Carfì, D. 2008. Optimal Boundaries for Decisions. A.A.P.P. 86(1): 1-11. doi:10.1478/C1A0801002
[22] Carfì, D., and Donato, A. Sustainability of Emissions: Coopetititve interction among Tesla and Fiat (preprint).
[23] Carfì, D., and Donato, A. 2016a. A critical analytic survey of an Asymmetric R&D Alliance in Pharmaceutical industry: bi-parametric study case. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 2 (1(2)): 21–57.
[24] Carfì, D., and Donato, A. 2016b. Complete study of a coopetitive R&D Alliance. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 2 (2(3)): 35-66.
[25] Carfì, D., Campbell, M. and Donato, A. 2016. Partial selling in a coopetitive Alliance within Pharmaceutical industry: a complete study case. In Economia e Territorio: prospettive di analisi. Aracne editrice.
[26] Carfì, D., Donato, A. and Gambarelli, G. 2017. Kalai-Smorodnsky Balances for N-Tuples of Interfering Elements. In Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XXVII, 1-27. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70647-4_1
[27] Carfì, D., Donato, A. and Panuccio, D. 2017a. A Game Theory Coopetitive Perspective for Sustainability of Global Feeding: Agreements Among Vegan and Non-Vegan Food Firms. In Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Investments in the Green Economy, Book Series on Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA), IGI Global, 100-143 pp. doi:10.4018/ 978-1-5225-2594-3.ch004
[28] Carfì, D., Donato, A. and Panuccio, D. 2017b. A Game Theory Coopetitive Perspective for Sustainability of Global Feeding: Agreements Among Vegan and Non-Vegan Food Firms. In Game Theory: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, IGI Global, 71-104 pp. doi:10.4018/ 978-1-5225-2075-7.ch004
[29] Carfì, D., Magaudda, M., and Schilirò, D. 2010. Coopetitive Game Solutions for the eurozone economy. Quaderni di Economia ed Analisi del Territorio, Quaderno n. 55/2010, 1-21 pp. Il Gabbiano.
[30] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2015a. A Coopetitive-Dynamical Game Model for Currency Markets Stabilization. A.A.P.P., 93(1): 1-29, 2015. doi:10.1478/AAPP.931C1
[31] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2015b. Tax Evasion: A Game Countermeasure. A.A.P.P., 93(1):1-17, 2015. doi:10.1478/AAPP.931C2
[32] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2014a. Dynamical Stabilization of Currency Market with Fractal-like Trajectories. Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Series A-Applied Mathematics and Physics, 76(4): 115-126, 2014.
[33] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2014b. Speculative and Hedging Interaction Model in Oil and U.S. Dollar Markets with Financial Transaction Taxes. Economic Modelling, 37: 306-319. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.11.003
[34] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2013a. Credit Crunch in the Euro Area: A Coopetitive Multi-agent Solution. In Multicriteria and Multiagent Decision Making with Applications to Economic and Social Sciences: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, 305: 27-48, Springer Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35635-3_3
[35] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2013b. Game Theory Appication of Monti's Proposal for European Government Bonds Stabilization. A.P.P.S., 15: 43-70. Available at: http://www.mathem.pub.ro/apps/v15/A15-ca.pdf
[36] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2013c. Model of Possible Cooperation in Financial Markets in Presence of Tax on Speculative Transactions. A.A.P.P., 91(1): 1-26. doi:10.1478/AAPP.911A3
[37] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2012a. A coopetitive approach to financial markets stabilization and risk management. In Advances in Computational Intelligence, Part IV. IPMU 2012, 300: 578-592 of Communication in Computer and Information, Science Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31724- 8_62
[38] Carfì, D., and Musolino, F. 2012b. Game Theory and Speculation on Government Bonds. Economic Modelling, 29(6): 2417-2426. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2012.06.037
[39] Carfì, D., and Musolino F. 2011. Fair Redistribution in Financial Markets: a Game Theory Complete Analysis. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 2(2(4)): 74-100.
[40] Carfì, D., and Okura, M. 2014. Coopetition and Game Theory. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 9 (3(29) Fall 2014): 457-468.
[41] Carfì, D., and Perrone E. 2013. Asymmetric Cournot Duopoly: A Game Complete Analysis. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 2: 194-202. doi:10.6000/1929-7092.2013.02.16
[42] Carfì, D, and Perrone, E. 2011. Game Complete Analysis of Bertrand Duopoly. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, 2(1(3)): 5-22.
[43] Carfì, D., and Pintaudi, A. 2012. Optimal Participation in Illegitimate Market Activities: Complete Analysis of 2 Dimimensional Cases. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 3(1(5) Summer 2012): 10-25.
[44] Carfì, D., and Ricciardello, A. 2013. An Algorithm for Dynamical Games with Fractal-Like Trajectories. In Fractal Geometry and Dynamical Systems in Pure and Applied Mathematics II, 601: 95-112, of Contemporary Mathematics. American Mathematical Society. doi:10.1090/conm/601/11961
[45] Carfì, D., and Ricciardello A. 2012a. Algorithms for Payoff Trajectories in C1 Parametric Games. In Advances in Computational Intelligence: IPMU 2012, 642-654 pp. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31724-8_67
[46] Carfì, D., and Ricciardello, A. 2012b. Topics in Game Theory. Applied Sciences – Monographs 9: 1-145. Available at: http://www.mathem.pub.ro/apps/mono/A-09-Car.pdf
[47] Carfì, D., and Ricciardello, A. 2010. An algorithm for payoff space in C1 Games. A.A.P.P., 88(1): 1-19. doi:10.1478/C1A1001003
[48] Carfì, D., and Ricciardello, A. 2009. Non-reactive strategies in decision-form games. A.A.P.P., 87(2): 1-12. doi:10.1478/C1A0902002
[49] Carfì, D., and Romeo, A. 2015. Improving Welfare in Congo: Italian National Hydrocarbons Authority Strategies and its Possible Coopetitive Alliances with Green Energy Producers. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 10 (4 (34)): 571-592.
[50] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2014. Improving Competitiveness and Trade Balance of Greek Economy: A Coopetitive Strategy Model. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 9(2(28)): 211-220.
[51] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2012a. A coopetitive Model for the Green Economy. Economic Modelling, 29(4): 1215 -1219. Elsevier . doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2012.04.005
[52] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2012b. A Framework of coopetitive games: Applications to the Greek crisis. A.A.P.P., 90(1): 1-32. doi:10.1478/AAPP.901A1
[53] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2012c. A Model of Coopetitive Game for the Environmental Sustainability of a Global Green Economy. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 3(1 (5): 5-17.
[54] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2012d. Global Green Economy and Environmental Sustainability: A Coopetitive Model. In Advances in Computational Intelligence, IPMU 2012, 300: 593-606 of Communication in Computer and Information Science. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31724-8_63
[55] Carfì, D., and Schilirò, D. 2011. Crisis in the Euro Area: Coopetitive Game Solutions as New Policy Tools. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, 2(1(3)): 23-36.
[56] Chu, K. M. (2016). The Role of a Strategic and Sustainable Orientation in Green Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility (IJSECSR), 1(2): 40-61. doi: 10.4018/IJSECSR.2016070103
[57] Cook, R. 2017. World Meat Production by Year. Available at: http://beef2live.com/story-world-meat-production-1960-present-0-111818
[58] Craig, W.G. 2009. Health effects of vegan diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89(5): 1627S-1633S. Available at: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/89/5/1627S.long
[59] Donato, A. 2017. A multilinear interaction model: algorithms for Kalai-Smorodinsky solution. Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance, 3 (1(4)): 47-74.
[60] Drolc, T. 2013. Education for sustainable development. EFnews. Available at: http://efnet.si/en/2013/01/10/education-for-sustainable-development/
[61] Fiala, N. 2008. Meeting the demand: An estimation of potential future greenhouse gas emissions from meat production. Ecological Economics, 67(3), 412-419. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800907006180
[62] Fiala, N. 2010. The Value of Cultured Meat: An Estimate of the Externality Costs of Meat Consumption. Available at: http://www.new-harvest. org/img/files/fiala_2010.pdf
[63] Fields, H. et al. 2016. Is Meat killing us? The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 116: 296-300. Available at: http://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2517494
[64] Foley, J.A. et al. 2011. Solutions for a cultivated planet, Nature 478(7369): 337–342.
[65] Gauthier, J., Meyer, C. and Cohen, D. 2016. Framing Sustainable Practices: Middle Managers and Social Intrapreneurial Championing. International Journal of Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility (IJSECSR), 1(2): 21-39. doi: 10.4018/IJSECSR.2016070102
[66] Hagedoorn, J., Carayannis, E., and Alexander, J. 2001. Strange Bedfellows in the Personal Computer Industry: Technology Alliances between IBM and Apple. Research Policy 30(5): 837-49. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(00)00125-
[67] Leitzmann, C. 2014. Vegetarian nutrition: past, present, future. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Available at: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2014/06/04/ajcn.113.071365
[68] Leitzmann, C. 2003. Nutrition ecology: the contribution of vegetarian diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Available at: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/78/3/657S.long
[69] Lyakhov, A., Gliedt, T. and Jackson, N. 2016. Scaling Sustainability Value in Sustainability Purpose Organizations: A Non-Profit and Business Comparison. International Journal of Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility (IJSECSR), 1(1): 17-31. doi: 10.4018/IJSECSR.2016010102
[70] Napolitano, U. 2015. Muscolo di Grano, la carne vegetale del futuro, trionfa a Expo Milano quale unico prodotto alimentare veramente innovativo. Famiglie d’Italia. Available at: https://famiglieditalia.wordpress.com/2015/10/04/muscolo-di-grano-la-carne-vegetale-del-futuro-trionfa-a-expo-milano-quale-unico-prodotto-alimentare-veramente-innovativo/
[71] Nguyen, T.L.T., Hermansen, J.E., and Mogensen, L. (n.d.). Environmental costs of meat production: the case of typical EU pork production. Available at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/251624206
[72] Petroff, A. 2015. Processed meat causes cancer, says WHO. CNNMoney (London). Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2015/10/26/news/red-meat-processed-cancer-world-health-organization/
[73] Pimentel, D., and Pimentel, M. 2003. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78: 660S-663S. Available at: http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/78/3/660S.full
[74] Rodrigues, F., Souza V., and Leitao, J. 2011. Strategic Coopetition of Global Brands: A Game Theory Approach to ‘Nike + iPod Sport Kit’ Co-branding. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 3(4), 435-455.
[75] Saint Louis, C. 2015. Meat and Cancer: The W.H.O. Report and What You Need to Know. The New York Times. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/10/26/health/meat-cancer-who-report.html?_r=2
[76] Seclì, R. 2007. VEG-ECONOMY. Fondamenti, realtà e prospettive dell’impresa “senza crudeltà”. Available at: http://www.societavegetariana.org/site/uploads/570e7bd1-6289-f2b9.pdf
[77] Thomas, K. (n.d.). Dairy sustainability made me rethink being vegan. Dairy Council of Utah and Nevada. Available at: http://thecowlocale.com/2014/04/22/dairy-sustainability-made-me-rethink-being-vegan/
[78] Tuomisto, H.L. and Teixeira, D.M.M.J 2011. Environmental impacts of cultured meat production, Environmental Science and Technology 45 (14): 6117–6123.
[79] Walker, P., Rhubart-Berg, P., Mckenzie, S., Kelling, K., and Lawrencw, R. S. 2005. Public health implications of meat production and consumption. Public Health Nutrition 8 (4): 348-356. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975179
[80] Wheeler, L. 2015. Vegan diet best for planet. The Hill. Available at: http://thehill.com/regulation/237767-vegan-diet-best-for-planet-federal-report-says
***AMP (n.d). Veganism. Available at: http://www.abbotsmillproject.co.uk/what-we-do/veganism/
***Animalvibe 2015. Muscolo di grano. Available at: http://animalvibe.org/2015/09/muscolo-di-grano/
***BCC Research 2016. Global Markets for Milk Alternatives. Available at: https://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/food-and-beverage/milk-alternatives-markets-report-fod071a.html
***BMJ 2017. Mortality from different causes associated with meat, heme iron, nitrates, and nitrites in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study: population based cohort study. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1957
***ChartsBin. 2009. Current Worldwide Annual Meat Consumption per capita. Available at: http://chartsbin.com/view/12730
***Etica Vegana. 2016. Muscolo di grano. Available at: http://eticavegana.it/index.php?route=product/category&path=59
***Gourmandelle 2015. Vegetarian on a Budget | How Much Does a Vegetarian Diet Really Cost? Available at: http://gourmandelle.com/vegetarian-on-a-budget-cost-diet/
***Map Porn Reddit (2017). Vegetarianism by country. Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/6tnhyc/vegetarianism_by_country_6460_x_3455/
***Matador network 2017. Mapped: The most vegetarian-friendly countries in the world. Available at: https://matadornetwork.com/read/mapped-vegetarian-friendly-countries-world/
***Mintel 2017. Vegan food launches in Australia grew by 92% between 2014 and 2016. Available at: http://www.mintel.com/press-centre/food-and-drink/vegan-food-launches-in-australia-grew-by-92-between-2014-and-2016
***Mission 2015 (n.d.). Problems with Current Meat Production. Available at: http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2015/2015/meat_production.html
***Muscle of wheat (n.d.). Available at: http://www.muscolodigrano.com/#!page3/cee5
***Muscolo di Grano (n.d.). Available at: https://www.facebook.com/muscolo.digrano/photos_stream
***Non solo Vegan 2014. Alimentazione vegana e sostenibilità ambientale. Available at: http://www.nonsolovegan.it/alimentazione-vegana-e-sostenibilita-ambientale/
***One Green Planet (n.d.). Available at: http://www.onegreenplanet.org/channel/vegan-food/
***Oscar Green. 2015. Oscar Green 2015 WeGreen a Muscolo di Grano. Available at: http://www.oscargreen.it/notizie/oscar-green-2015-a-muscolo-di-grano-per-wegreen/
***Report Buyer 2017. Top Trends in Prepared Foods 2017: Exploring trends in meat, fish and seafood; pasta, noodles and rice; prepared meals; savory deli food; soup; and meat substitutes. Available at: https://www.reportbuyer.com/product/4959853/top-trends-in-prepared-foods-2017-exploring-trends-in-meat-fish-and-seafood-pasta-noodles-and-rice-prepared-meals-savory-deli-food-soup-and-meat-substitutes.html
***Rise of the Vegan 2017. Tyson Foods CEO Sees the Need to Move Beyond Meat. Available at: https://www.riseofthevegan.com/blog/tyson-foods-ceo-the-future-of-food-might-be-meatless
***Rise of the Vegan 2017. Meat consumption linked to nine major diseases in largest study done so far. Available at: https://www.riseofthevegan.com/blog/largest-study-to-show-link-between-meat-and-disease
***The Vegan Society (n.d.). Why go vegan? Available at: https://www.vegansociety.com/try-vegan/why-go-vegan
***The Vegan Society 2016. There are three and half times as many vegans as there were in 2006, making it the fastest growing lifestyle movement. Available at: https://www.vegansociety.com/whats-new/news/find-out-how-many-vegans-are-great-britain
***The Vegetarian Resource Group (n.d.). Available at: https://www.vrg.org/nutshell/market.htm
***Veganblog. 2015. Muscolo di grano sbriciolato. Ricette di Terra. Available at: http://www.veganblog.it/2015/12/22/muscolo-di-grano-sbriciolato/
***Vegan Outreach 2014. What Do Vegans Eat? Available at: http://veganoutreach.org/what-to-eat/
***Vegan Starter Kit (n.d.). Eating. Available at: http://vegankit.com/eat/
***WHO. 2015. Q&A on the carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. Available at: http://www.who.int/features/qa/cancer-red-meat/en/
***Whole Foods market (n.d.). Available at: http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/healthy-eating/special-diets/vegan
***Worldwatch Institute 2004. Is Meat Sustainable? World Watch Magazine, 17(4). Available at: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/549
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.