Effect of the Quality of Tourism Objects and Brand Image of Tourism Aspects on the Tourism City’s Image. The Case of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract
This study examines effects of the quality of tourism objects and the brand image of tourism aspects on the image of Banda Aceh as a tourism city. The study based on the field research, which was done in early of 2016 in Banda Aceh municipality, as the capital of Aceh Province in Indonesia. The number of samples in this study was 400 foreign tourists that obtained by using the Slovin formula, and to all the foreign tourists submitted the questionnaires, but only 173 questionnaires were returned (the response rate of 43.25 percent). To analyze the data, the study adopts a path analysis. The study documented that, either partially or simultaneously, the quality of tourism objects and the brand image of tourism aspects positively and significantly affected the image of Banda Aceh as a tourism city. Additionally, the study also documented that the quality of tourism objects positively and significantly influenced the brand image of tourism aspects. The findings imply that in order to create a positive image of Banda Aceh as a tourism city, the quality of tourism objects including the tsunami related-sites, historical tourism objects, natural and cultural tourism object, facilities, etc must be built first and then followed by establishing acceptable brand image of tourism aspects such as logos, city landscape or tourism atmospheres, name of tourism objects, etc. The findings of the study further signify that the quality of tourism objects in Banda Aceh has played significant roles in building the brand image of tourism aspects.
References
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[46] Seetanah, B., Juwaheer, T.D., Lamport, M.J., Rojid, S., Sannassee, R.V., Subadar, A.U. 2011. Does infrastructure matter in tourism development. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 17(7): 89-108. Available at: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/umrj/article/viewFile/70731/59327.
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***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2003. Tourism Sector. Banda Aceh. Indonesia
***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2014. Tourism Sector. Banda Aceh. Indonesia
***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2016. Tourism sector, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
***Statistic Indonesia. 2017. Tourism Sector, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available at: jakartaglobe.id/economy/ indonesias-foreign- tourist-arrivals-rise-14-april/.
***The Tourism Task Force of Australia. 2003. Down the track, Better Ways to Deliver Tourism’s Land Transport Infrastructure: Available at: www.ttf.org.au.
[2] Ali, J.A., and Majeda, H. 2012. The impact of service quality on tourist satisfaction in Jerash. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(12): 164-187. Available at: ijcrb.webs.com.
[3] Al-Kwifi, O.S. 2015. The impact of destination images on tourists’ decision making: A technological exploratory study using fMRI, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6(2): 174-194. Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JHTT-06-2015-0024.
[4] Antonioli, C.M., and Baggio, R. 2004. Italian Tourism on the Internet - New Business Models. 11-13 April, Innsbruck, Ausrtia. In K. Weiermair and C. Mathies (Eds.),The Tourism and Leisure Industry-Shaping the Future, The Haworth Press, New York. Available at: https://www.cabdirect. org/cabdirect/abstract/ 20053225989.
[5] Au, A. 2010. Adoption of Web 2.0 by Tourism Businesses in NSW (Research Reports). Sydney: Tourism New South Wales. Available at: http://corporate.tourism.nsw.gov. au/Sites/SiteID6/objLib40/Adoption-of-Web% 202 Jan10.pdf.
[6] Awaritefe, D. 2004. Motivation and other considerations in tourist destination choice: A Case study of Nigeria. Tourism Geographies, 6(3): 303-330. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 1461668042000 249638.
[7] Bai, B., Law, R., and Wen, I. 2008. The impact of website quality on customer satisfaction and purchase intentions: Evidence from Chinese online visitors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(3): 391-402. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.10.008.
[8] Baron, R.M., and Kenny, D.A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinctive in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6):1173-1182. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
[9] Berno, T., and Bricker, K. 2001. Sustainable tourism development: the long road from theory to practice. International Journal of Economic Development, 3(3):1-18.
[10] Boulding, K.E. 1996. An Introduction to Coastal Management, Island Press, Washington, USA.
[11] Chang, T.C. 1997. Heritage as a tourism commodity: Traversing the tourist-local divide. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 18(1): 46-68. Available at: http://ftp.puce.edu.ec/Facultades/CienciasHumanas/ turismo_desarrollo_ singapore.
[12] Chiu, W., Zeng, S., and Cheng, P.S.T. 2016. The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: a case study of Chinese tourists in Korea. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(2): 223-234. Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/ 10.1108/ IJCTHR-07-2015-0080.
[13] Cho, Y.H., and Fesenmaier, D.R. 2001. A New Paradigm for Tourism and Electronic Commerce: Experience Marketing Using the Virtual Tour. In: Buhalis, D. & Laws, E. (eds.) Tourism Distribution Channels. Practices, Issues and Transformations. Bookcraft, Bath: 351-370 pp. Available at: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/ abstract/20023015428.
[14] Darwis, N. 1998. The behavior of international tourists in Aceh, Paper presented at the Tourism Industry in Aceh Province, November 23, University of Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh.
[15] Evans, G. 2003. Hard-branding the cultural city–from Prado to Prada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(2): 417–440. Available at: www.scholars-on-bilbao.info/fichas/15Evans IJURR2003.pdf.
[16] Fesenmaier, D.R. 1998. Expanding the functional information search model. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3): 551-578. Available at: scholar.google.com/citations?user= IlM6uxkAAAAJ&hl=en.
[17] Girma, M., and Adissu, B. 2016. Destenation branding: marketing dire dawa as an appealing tourist destination, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 19(8): 1-12. Available at: www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0816/ijsrp-p5616.pdf.
[18] Gunn, C.A. 1988. Tourism Planning, (second edition). Taylor & Francis, New York, ISBN: ISBN: 0844815381, 9780844815381.
[19] Hafasnuddin. 2010. The prospects of Aceh province in tourism, Paper Presented at the Tourism Seminar, July 14-15, University of Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
[20] Hirschman, E.C. Greenberg, B., and Robertson, D.H. 1978. The Inter-market Reliability of Retail Image Research: an empirical examination. Journal of Retailing, 54(3): 3-12. Available at: journals.sagepub. com/doi/ abs/10.1177/009207038701500305?legid...links= yes.
[21] Jiang, Z. 2005. The overview of regional (city) brand in China. Journal of Fujian School of Administration and Fujian Institute of Economics and Management, 4(6): 11-12.
[22] Kaur, A., Chauhan, A., and Medury, Y. 2016. Destination image of Indian tourism destinations: An evaluation using correspondence analysis, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(3): 499-524, Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/ 10.1108/APJML-05-2015-0074.
[23] Kavaratzis, M. 2004. From city marketing to city branding: towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Branding, 1(1): 58–73. Available at: imagian.com/kuvat/from_city_marketing_ to_city_ branding-_kavaratzis_2004.pdf.
[24] Kavaratzis, M. 2008. From city marketing to city branding: an interdisciplinary analysis with reference to Amsterdam, Budapest and Athens. PhD diss., University of Groningen. Available at:
[25] Keksel, O.S., Ivchik, A., Shtanko, M. A., Azarova, S.V., and Sukhushina, E. 2016. Development prospects of the brand of Tomsk. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism (JEMT), 7(2): 306-312. Available at: http://journals.aserspublishing.eu/ jemt/article/ view/336
[26] Knox, S., and David, W. 2001. Measuring and managing brand loyalty, Journal of Strategic Marketing, (9):111-128. Available at: faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1357322245.0186ContentServer2. pdf.
[27] Komppula, R. 2005. Pursuing customer value in tourism: a rural tourism case study. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 3(5): 83 -104
[28] Kotler, P., Keller, K.L. 2009. Marketing Management, 12th Edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA., ISBN: 9780131457577
[29] Law, R., Kenith, L., and James, W. 2004. The impact of the Internet on travel agencies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(7): 100-107. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ 09596110410519982.
[30] McAlexander, J.H., Kim, S.K., and Roberts, S.D. 2003. Loyalty: The influences of satisfaction and brand community integration. Journal of marketing Theory and Practice, 11(4): 1-11.
[31] Medlik, S., and Middleton, V.T.C. 1973. Product formulation in tourism. Tourism and Marketing, 13(4): 75-84. Available at: www.academia.edu/6036661/THE_TOURISM_PRODUCT.
[32] Middleton, V.T.C., and Clarke, J. 2001. Marketing in Travel and Tourism. 3rd Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, ISBN: 9780750644716.
[33] Middleton, V.T.C., and Hawkins, R. 1998. Sustainable Tourism: A Marketing Perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. ISBN: 9780750623858, 266 pp. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Sustainable-Tourism-Perspective...Hawkins/dp/ 075062385.
[34] Milano, R., Baggio, R., and Piattelli, R. 2011. The effects of online social media on tourism websites. Paper presented at 18th International Conference on Information Technology and Travel & Tourism (January 26-28). Innsbruck, Austria. Available at: citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ download?doi=10.1.1.454.3557 &rep=rep1.
[35] Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., and Pride, R. 2005. Destination Branding, 2nd Edition. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, ISBN: 0 7506 5969 6, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Gertner/publication/233497710_Country_as_Brand_Product_and_Beyond_A_Place_Marketing_and_Brand_Management_Perspective/links/53d933590cf2631430c3b208/Country-as-Brand-Product-and-Beyond-A-Place-Marketing-and-Brand-Management-Perspective.pdf
[36] Mossberg, L. 2001. Upplevelser och Marknadsföring. Docusys, Göteborg, ISBN: 91-631-0507-1, 978-91-631-0507-4
[37] Mowen, J., Minor, M. 1997. Consumer Behaviour, International Edition, Prentice Hall, Canada. ISBN-10: 0137371152.
[38] Murphy, P., Pritchard, M., and Smith, B. 2000. The destination product and its impact on traveller perceptions. Tourism Management, 21(3): 43-52. Available at: journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/ 0047287506292702.
[39] Nazaruddin, D.A., and Sulaiman, R. 2013. Introduction to “Tsunami Tourism”: notes from Aceh, Indonesia, International Journal of Sciences, 2(5): 71-81. Available at: umkeprints.umk.edu.my /1687/.
[40] O’Fallon, C.E. 1994. The role of central government in tourism: A public choice perspective, PhD diss., Lincoln University.
[41] Olufemi, A.O., Jubril, O.L., Banjo, A.H., and Peter, B.S. 2015. Strategic positioning and performance in the tourism sector: Evidence from Negeria. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 10(4):36-43. Available at: www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JAAS/article/ download/23937/24508.
[42] Pestek, A., and Nikolic, A. 2011. Role of traditional food in tourist destination image building. UTMS Journal of Economics, 2(1): 89–100. Available at: utmsjoe.mk/files/Vol.%202%20No.%201/0-2-1-10-Pestek-Nikolic.pdf.
[43] Pleanggra, F., and Yusuf, E.A.G. 2012. The effect of tourism objects and tourist arrivals on economy. Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 1(3): 1-8.
[44] Prideux, B. 2000. The role of the transport system in destination development. Tourism Management, 21: 53-63. Available at: scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=1tx 89IAAAAJ &hl=en.
[45] Reza, T.M. 2012. The Influence of Perceived Value and Trust on Tourists’ Satisfaction, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.
[46] Seetanah, B., Juwaheer, T.D., Lamport, M.J., Rojid, S., Sannassee, R.V., Subadar, A.U. 2011. Does infrastructure matter in tourism development. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 17(7): 89-108. Available at: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/umrj/article/viewFile/70731/59327.
[47] Smith, S.L.J. 1994. The tourism product. Annuals of Tourism Research, 21(3): 582-595. Available at: scholar.google. com/citations?user=YElCJzoAAAAJ&hl=en.
[48] Stamboulis, Y., and Skayannis, P. 2003. Innovation strategies and technology for experience-based tourism. Tourism Management, 24(1): 35-43.
[49] Subadra and Nadra. 2012. The impact of Tourism development on economy, culture and social sector in Jatiluwih-Tabanan (Bali). Journal Tourism Management, 5(3): 46-64.
[50] Ukaj, F. 2014. Development of tourist destination based on marketing activities, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(2): 141-146. Available at: www.mcser.org/ journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/2959/2919.
[51] Young, Y.E. 2012. City branding and urban tourism: A case study of Seoul and Taipei. Paper presented at the 6th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IfoU), Urbanism, Barcelona, Gener: 25-27. Available at: upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2099/12607.
[52] Zeithaml, V.A., and Bitner, M.J. 2003. Service Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm, 3nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, ISBN: 9780071199148.
[53] Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A., and Leonard, L.B. 1990. Delivering Quality Service. The Free Press: A Division of Macmillan, Inc, USA, ISBN: 9780029357019.
[54] Zhang, Li., and Zhao, S.X. 2009. City branding and the Olympic effect: A case study of Beijing, Cities 26 (5): 245-254. Available at: www.elsevier.com/locate/cities 26 (4):245-254.
***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2003. Tourism Sector. Banda Aceh. Indonesia
***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2014. Tourism Sector. Banda Aceh. Indonesia
***Statistic Agency of Aceh. 2016. Tourism sector, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
***Statistic Indonesia. 2017. Tourism Sector, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available at: jakartaglobe.id/economy/ indonesias-foreign- tourist-arrivals-rise-14-april/.
***The Tourism Task Force of Australia. 2003. Down the track, Better Ways to Deliver Tourism’s Land Transport Infrastructure: Available at: www.ttf.org.au.
Published
2017-12-31
How to Cite
HAFASNUDDIN, HAFASNUDDIN.
Effect of the Quality of Tourism Objects and Brand Image of Tourism Aspects on the Tourism City’s Image. The Case of Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 8, p. 1604-1616, dec. 2017.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/1901>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v8.8(24).17.
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Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.