Advantages and Disadvantages of the Participation of SMEs in Tourism Clusters
Abstract
The concept of clusters is based on creating entrepreneurship and competitiveness of interrelated organizations. The essence of the cluster initiative is to stimulate cooperation between individual enterprises and institutions, to accelerate innovation processes and thus to improve competitive position of enterprises operating within clusters. However, the participation in this initiative, based on the principle of cooperation, is also burdened with some negative effects resulting from the nature of cooperation and type of participants. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the participation in tourism clusters from the point of view of Slovak small and medium entrepreneurs. For evaluation, there were used the results of questionnaire surveys, which was interpreted by the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the most important advantages are from the areas of networking and common cooperation and propagation. The most important disadvantages were recognized mainly by micro and small entrepreneurs from the area of human resources.
References
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[27] Porter, M.E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York. 54 pp.
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[29] Rabelotti, R. 1995. Is there an „Industrial District Model?” Footwear District in Italy and Mexico Compared, World Development 23 (1): 29–41.
[30] Rajić, T., and Milošević, I. 2016. An empirical analysis of the determinants of SME´s customer loyalty: evidence from Serbia, Acta Oeconomica Universitatis Selye, 5 (1): 128–138.
[31] Roman, M. 2013. Klastry jako forma współdziałania w działalności turystycznej, Zarządzanie i finanse, 1 (3) 11: 309–320.
[32] Rosenfeld, S. 1997. Bringing Business Clusters into the Mainstream of Economic Development, European Planning Studies 5 (1): 3–23.
[33] Skowronek, E. 2015. Klaster jako forma współpracy w turystyce, Europa Regionum 24: 129–140
[34] Sobeková Májková, M. 2015. Overview of the use of traditional and new financial resources for SMEs and access to finance in Slovakia and European Union. Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World - Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World2015. 121-131 pp.
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[36] Štarchoň, P., Ližbetinová, L., and Weberová, D. 2016. Clustering in relation to brand perception: An example based on Czech consumers. Proceedings of the 28th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Vision 2020: Innovation Management, Development Sustainability, and Competitive Economic Growth. 2271-2285 pp.
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[38] Tomski, P. 2016. Sieć społeczna przedsiębiorcy w teorii i praktyce zarządzania mała firmą, Wydawnictwo Wydziału Zarządzania Politechniki Częstochowskiej, Częstochowa. 124–126 pp.
[39] Vojtovic, S., Belas, J., and Habanik, J. 2016. Microenterprises’ entrepreneurs’ attitudes to managing financial risks. Actual Problems of Economics. 186 (12): 120–129.
[40] Wicher-Baluta, A. 2012. Polityka oparta na klastrach jako czynnik stymulujący innowacyjność gospodarki Unii Europejskiej, Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace 4: 253-268.
[41] Wiśniewska, K., and Liczmańska 2014. Definicyjne cechy klastrów a kluczowe czynniki sukcesu, [in:] W. Harasim (ed.), Człowiek i organizacja – dylematy współczesnego zarządzania, Wyższa Szkoła Promocji, Warszawa. 47-57 pp.
*** European Trend Chart on Innovation. Thematic Report Cluster Policies, Covering Period up to March 2003, 2003. European Comission, Enterpreise Directorate General: 4.
*** Benchmarking klastrów w Polsce. 2010. Raport z badania. Warszawa PARP: 12
[2] Achtenhagen, L., and Picard, R. 2014. Challenges and success factors in media cluster development: a review of contemporary knowledge, [in:] Karlsson, Ch., Johansson, B. and Stough, R.R. (eds.), Agglomeration, Clusters and Entrepreneurship: Studies in Regional Economic Development, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK – Northampton, USA, 221–251 pp.
[3] Bohátová, Z., Schwarcz, P., Schwarczová, L., Bandlerová, A. and Tĺčik, V. 2016. Multifunctionality-Interactions and Implications: The Case of the Podkylava Village (Western Slovakia). European Countryside 8 (2): 147-159
[4] Bojar, E. 2007. Clusters - the Concept and Types. Examples of Clusters in Poland, [in:] Bojar, E. and Olesiński, Z. (eds.), The emergence and development of clusters in Poland, Difin, Warszawa, 11–30 pp.
[5] Borkowska-Niszczota, M. 2015. Tourism Clusters in Eastern Poland - Analysis of Selected Aspects of the Operation, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 213: 957–964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.511.
[6] Diatczyk, J. 2012. Rola klastrów w transferze wiedzy i innowacji w województwie lubelskim, [in:] Jegorow, D. and Niedużak, A. (eds.), Wpływ sektora B+R na wzrost konkurencyjności polskiej gospodarki poprzez rozwój innowacji, Tom 1, Chełmskie Stowarzyszenie Rozwoju Społeczno-Gospodarczego CIVIS, Chełm, 40 p.
[7] Dobai Korcsmáros, E., and Seres Huszárik, E. 2015. Innovation activity of corporations. Acta Oeconomica Universitatis Selye, 4 (2): 75–83.
[8] Dzemydaite, G. 2017. External influences for balance of trade in small and open economies. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Spring, 2 (48): 402–412
[9] Elsner, W., and Groenewegen, J. (eds). 2000. Industrial policy after 2000, Springer Netherlands, ISBN: 978-94-011-3996-0, 495 pp.
[10] Enright, J.M. 2001. Regional Clusters: What we know and what should we know, paper prepared for the Kiel Institute International Workshop on Innovation Clusters and Interregional Competition, Kiel, November 12–13 pp.
[11] Guerrieri, P., Iammarino, S., and Pietrobelli, C. (eds.). 2001. The global Challenge to Industrial Districts, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Italy and Taiwan, Edward Edgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK – Northampton, USA. 224 pp.
[12] Habánik, J., Kordoš, M., and Hošták, P. 2016. Competitiveness of Slovak economy and regional development policies. Journal of International Studies, 9 (1): 144–155. DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-1/10.
[13] Havierniková, K., Okręglicka, M. and Klučka, J., 2016. Theoretical and Methodological Issues of Risk Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Mercur Verlag, Wien/Berlin. 111 pp.
[14] Havierniková, K., Okręglicka, M., and Lemańska-Majdzik, A. 2016. Cluster Cooperation and Risk Level in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Polish Journal of Management Studies 14 (2): 82–92. DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2016.14.2.08.
[15] Hiroyuki, O., and Nishimura, J. 2015. Local Management of National Cluster Policies: Comparative Case Studies of Japanese, German, and French Biotechnology Clusters. Administrative Sciences (2076-3387) 5 (4): 213–239. DOI: 10.3390/admsci5040213.
[16] Ivanová, E., and Masárová, J. 2016. Assessment of innovation performance of Slovak regions, Journal of International Studies, 9 (2): 207–218. DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-2/16.
[17] Jarábková, J., Majstríková, L. and Kozolka, T. 2016. Financial Supporting Tools of Rural Tourism Development in Nitra Self-Governing Region. European Countryside 8 (2): 123-134
[18] Kordos, M., Krajnakova, E. and Karbach, R. 2016. Cluster policies implementation in slovakia. Actual Problems of Economics, 181 (7): 90–96.
[19] Kot, J., and Kraska, E. 2014. Klastry jako nowa forma organizacji działalności gospodarczej w aspekcie motywacji i korzyści dla przedsiębiorstw, Studia i Materiały. Miscellanea Oeconomicae 4: 127–140.
[20] Lachiewicz, S., and Zakrzewska-Bielawska, A. 2012. Sieć przedsiębiorstw jako skuteczna forma organizacyjna w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego, Management and Business Administration. Central Europe 4 (117): 34–45. DOI: 10.7206/mba.ce.2084-3356.21.
[21] Ližbetinová, L. 2017. Clusters of Czech consumers with focus on domestic brands. Proceedings of the 29th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020: From Regional Development Sustainability to Global Economic Growth. 1703–1718 pp.
[22] Lorincová, S., and Potkány, M. 2016. The proposal of innovation support in small and medium-sized enterprises. Production Management and Engineering Sciences - Scientific Publication of the International Conference on Engineering Science and Production Management, ESPM 20152016, 157–162 pp.
[23] Lorincová, S., Hitka, M., and Balážová, Ž. 2016. Corporate culture in slovak enterprises as a factor of hrm quality - case study. International Journal for Quality Research, 10 (4): 719–732. DOI: 10.18421/IJQR10.04-04.
[24] Mariussen, A. (ed). 2001. Cluster Policies – Cluster Development? Nordregio Report, Stockholm. 21 pp.
[25] Matkovskaya, Y.S. 2017. Clusters: Sense of market approach to their formation and substantiation of necessity for development of mathematical apparatus for modeling of their development. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XII, Spring, 2 (48): 572–582.
[26] Matveev, Y.V., Trubetskaya, O.V., Lunin, I.A., Rousek, P. and Kopnov, V.A., 2016. Clusters and their Role in Economic Development, International Journal of Economic Perspectives 10 (3): 113–125.
[27] Porter, M.E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York. 54 pp.
[28] Porter, M.E. 1998. Clusters and the new economics of competition, Harvard Business Review, November-December 1998. 78 pp.
[29] Rabelotti, R. 1995. Is there an „Industrial District Model?” Footwear District in Italy and Mexico Compared, World Development 23 (1): 29–41.
[30] Rajić, T., and Milošević, I. 2016. An empirical analysis of the determinants of SME´s customer loyalty: evidence from Serbia, Acta Oeconomica Universitatis Selye, 5 (1): 128–138.
[31] Roman, M. 2013. Klastry jako forma współdziałania w działalności turystycznej, Zarządzanie i finanse, 1 (3) 11: 309–320.
[32] Rosenfeld, S. 1997. Bringing Business Clusters into the Mainstream of Economic Development, European Planning Studies 5 (1): 3–23.
[33] Skowronek, E. 2015. Klaster jako forma współpracy w turystyce, Europa Regionum 24: 129–140
[34] Sobeková Májková, M. 2015. Overview of the use of traditional and new financial resources for SMEs and access to finance in Slovakia and European Union. Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World - Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World2015. 121-131 pp.
[35] Sobeková Majková, M. 2016. The Influence of the Selected Factors on Financial Risk Perception in Slovak SMEs. Actual Problems of Economics 10 (184): 121 – 130
[36] Štarchoň, P., Ližbetinová, L., and Weberová, D. 2016. Clustering in relation to brand perception: An example based on Czech consumers. Proceedings of the 28th International Business Information Management Association Conference - Vision 2020: Innovation Management, Development Sustainability, and Competitive Economic Growth. 2271-2285 pp.
[37] Staszewski, J (ed.). 2004. Konkurencyjność gospodarki Polski w warunkach integracji z Unią Europejską i globalizacji, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Warszawie, Warszawa. 207 pp.
[38] Tomski, P. 2016. Sieć społeczna przedsiębiorcy w teorii i praktyce zarządzania mała firmą, Wydawnictwo Wydziału Zarządzania Politechniki Częstochowskiej, Częstochowa. 124–126 pp.
[39] Vojtovic, S., Belas, J., and Habanik, J. 2016. Microenterprises’ entrepreneurs’ attitudes to managing financial risks. Actual Problems of Economics. 186 (12): 120–129.
[40] Wicher-Baluta, A. 2012. Polityka oparta na klastrach jako czynnik stymulujący innowacyjność gospodarki Unii Europejskiej, Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace 4: 253-268.
[41] Wiśniewska, K., and Liczmańska 2014. Definicyjne cechy klastrów a kluczowe czynniki sukcesu, [in:] W. Harasim (ed.), Człowiek i organizacja – dylematy współczesnego zarządzania, Wyższa Szkoła Promocji, Warszawa. 47-57 pp.
*** European Trend Chart on Innovation. Thematic Report Cluster Policies, Covering Period up to March 2003, 2003. European Comission, Enterpreise Directorate General: 4.
*** Benchmarking klastrów w Polsce. 2010. Raport z badania. Warszawa PARP: 12
Published
2018-01-24
How to Cite
HAVIERNIKOVÁ, Katarína; LEMAŃSKA-MAJDZIK, Anna; MURA, Ladislav.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Participation of SMEs in Tourism Clusters.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 6, p. 1205-1215, jan. 2018.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/1647>. Date accessed: 23 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.6(22).07.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.