Tourism and Peace in Economic Development Perspective of India
Abstract
The importance of tourism as an instrument for revenue generation, employment creation and fostering economic growth is well established across the globe. Globally, tourism has been recognised as the largest service sector in terms of revenue generation and foreign exchange earnings. The sector also plays a crucial role in attaining the macroeconomic goal of growth with equity. Thus, tourism has been considered and observed to contribute to world peace. But this peace contribution depends on social and politic stability which in turn depends on the economic development of a nation. So, in this paper an effort has been made to assess the role of tourism in India as an engine of peace oriented sustainable economic development. It is found that tourism has the potential to positively influence the sustainable development of the country. Therefore, it is imperative to chalk out appropriate plans and policies for promoting tourism as a means of achieving sustainable development and unending peace.
References
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[29] Rout, H. B., Mishra, P. K., and Pradhan, B. B. 2016b. Nexus between Tourism and economic growth: empirical evidence from Odisha, India. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(11): 7491-7513. Available at: http://serialsjournals.com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1499762731.pdf
[30] Rout, H. B., Mishra, P. K., and Pradhan, B. B. 2016c. Trend and progress of tourism in India: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Economic Research, 13(5): 2265-2275. Available at: http://serialsjournals. com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1499340703.pdf
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[32] Samimi, A. J., Somaye, S. and Soraya, S. 2011. Tourism and economic growth in developing countries: P-VAR Approach. Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1): 28-32. Available at: http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr10(1)11/5.pdf
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[34] Sinclair, M.T. 1998. Tourism and economic development: a survey. Journal of Development Studies, 34(5): 1-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389808422535
[35] Wang, P., and Godbey, G. 1994. A normative approach to tourism growth to the year 2000. Journal of Travel Research, 33(1): 32-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759403300104
[36] Wintersteiner, W., and Wohlmuther, C. 2014. Peace sensitive tourism: how tourism can contribute to peace, In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.31-61. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
[37] Wohlmuther, C. and Wintersteiner, W. 2014. Tourism and peace – an emerging field of action and research, In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.7-28. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
*** WTO. 1980. Manila Declaration on World Tourism. The World Tourism Conference, United Nations World Tourism Organization. Available at: http://www2.unwto.org
*** WTTC. 2016a. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016: World. Report prepared by the authority on world travel & tourism, London, U.K. Available at: https://www.wttc.org
*** WTTC. 2016b. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016: India. Report prepared by the authority on world travel & tourism, London, U.K. Available at: https://www.wttc.org
[2] Brau, R., Lanza, A., and Pigliaru, F. 2003. How fasts are the tourism countries growing? The cross-country evidence. CRENOS North-South Economic Research Centre Working Paper No. 03-09. Available at: http://www.crenos.it/working/pdf/03-09.pdf
[3] D’Amore, L. 2010. Peace through tourism: the birthing of a new socio-economic order. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4): 559-568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0237-0_15
[4] De Villiers, D. 2014. Cornerstone for a better world: peace, tourism and sustainable development. In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.78-84. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
[5] Den Dungen, P. V. 2014. Peace Tourism. In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.62-77. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
[6] Dieke, Peter U.C. 2004. Tourism in Africa's Economic Development: Policy Implication. Management Decision, 41(3): 287-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310469468
[7] Dritsakis, N. 2004. Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: An empirical investigation for Greece using causality analysis. Tourism Economics, 10(3): 305-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000041895094
[8] Durbarry, R. 2002. The economic contribution of tourism in Mauritius. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(3): 862-865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00008-7
[9] Gunduz, L., and Hatemi-J, A. 2005. Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey? Applied Economics Letters, 12(8): 499-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850500109865
[10] He, Li-hua and Zheng, Xun-gang. 2011. Empirical analysis on the relationship between tourism development and economic growth in Sichuan. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(1): 212–217. Available at: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/viewFile/7858/7041
[11] Higgins-Desbiolles, F. 2006. More than an “industry”: The forgotten power of tourism as a social force. Tourism Management, 27: 1192-1208. DOI: https://doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.020
[12] Honey, M. 2008. Tourism: preventing conflict, promoting peace. Center for Responsible Travel, Washington DC. US. Available at: http://www.responsibletravel.org/docs/Tourism%20-%20Preventing%20Conflict,% 20Promoting%20Peace.pdf
[13] Isaac, R. 2014. Responsible tourism and development in the context of peace-building. In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.87-100. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
[14] Kadir, N., and Jusoff, K. 2010. The cointegration and causality tests for tourism and trade in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(1): 138–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v2n1p138
[15] Katircioglu, S.T. 2009. Revisiting the tourism-led growth hypothesis for Turkey using the bounds tests and Johansen approach for cointegration. Tourism Management, 30(1): 17-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.004
[16] Kim, H., Chen, M., and Jang, S. 2006. Tourism expansion and economic development: the case of Taiwan. Tourism Management, 27(5): 925-933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.011
[17] Lanza, A., Templec, P., and Urga, G. 2003. The implications of tourism specialisation in the long run: an econometric analysis for 13 OECD economies. Tourism Management, 24(3): 315-321. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00065-1
[18] Lee, C-C., and Chang, C. P. 2008. Tourism development and economic growth: a closer look at panels. Tourism Management, 29(1): 180-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.013
[19] Levy, S. E., and Hawkins, D. E. 2009. Peace through tourism. Commerce based principles and practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4): 569- 585. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0408-2
[20] Milanović, M. and Stamenković, M. 2012. Causality between tourism and economic growth: A case study of Serbia, Paper Presented in 2nd Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing & Management Conference, Corfu, 31 May-3 June. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net
[21] Mishra, P. K., and Rout, H. B. 2013. Economic impact of tourism: a case study of Jharkhand. International Journal of Economics and Managerial Thoughts, 3(2): 130-139. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net
[22] Mishra, P. K., Rout, H. B. and Sanghamitra. 2016. Tourism in Odisha: an engine of long-run growth. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 3(2): 74-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.31/2016.3.2/31.2.74.84
[23] Mishra, P.K., Rout, H., and Mohapatra, S. 2011. Causality between tourism and economic growth: empirical evidence from India. European Journal of Social Sciences, 18(4): 518 - 527. Available at: http://connection. ebscohost.com/c/articles/67493535/causality-between-tourism-economic-growth-empirical-evidence-from-india
[24] Moufakkir, O. and Kelly, J. 2010. Tourism, Progress and Peace. Wallingford: CAB International. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936778.0000
[25] Oh, C. 2005. The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy. Tourism Management, 26(1): 39-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.014
[26] Payne, J. E., and Mervar, A. 2010. Research Note: The tourism-growth nexus in Croatia. Tourism Economics. 16(4): 1089–1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2010.0014
[27] Rout, H. B. 2016. A Study on Socio-economic Impacts of Tourism in India, Ph.D. Dissertation, SOA University, Odisha, India. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10603/152800
[28] Rout, H. B., Mishra, P. K., and Pradhan, B. B. 2016a. Socio-Economic impacts of tourism in India: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 7(4): 762-768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/ jemt.v7.4(16).22
[29] Rout, H. B., Mishra, P. K., and Pradhan, B. B. 2016b. Nexus between Tourism and economic growth: empirical evidence from Odisha, India. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(11): 7491-7513. Available at: http://serialsjournals.com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1499762731.pdf
[30] Rout, H. B., Mishra, P. K., and Pradhan, B. B. 2016c. Trend and progress of tourism in India: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Economic Research, 13(5): 2265-2275. Available at: http://serialsjournals. com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1499340703.pdf
[31] Salazar, N. B. 2006. Building a ‘Culture of Peace’ through Tourism: Reflexive and analytical notes and queries. Universitas Humanística, 62: 319–333. Available at: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/unih/n62/n62a12.pdf
[32] Samimi, A. J., Somaye, S. and Soraya, S. 2011. Tourism and economic growth in developing countries: P-VAR Approach. Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1): 28-32. Available at: http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr10(1)11/5.pdf
[33] Shan, J., and Wilson, K. 2001. Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from China. Applied Economics Letters, 8(4): 279-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/135048501750104114
[34] Sinclair, M.T. 1998. Tourism and economic development: a survey. Journal of Development Studies, 34(5): 1-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389808422535
[35] Wang, P., and Godbey, G. 1994. A normative approach to tourism growth to the year 2000. Journal of Travel Research, 33(1): 32-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759403300104
[36] Wintersteiner, W., and Wohlmuther, C. 2014. Peace sensitive tourism: how tourism can contribute to peace, In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.31-61. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
[37] Wohlmuther, C. and Wintersteiner, W. 2014. Tourism and peace – an emerging field of action and research, In International Handbook on Tourism and Peace by C. Wohlmuther and W. Wintersteiner (eds.). Centre for Peace Reserach and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria in Cooperation with the World Tourism Organization, p.7-28. Available at: http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9783854357131
*** WTO. 1980. Manila Declaration on World Tourism. The World Tourism Conference, United Nations World Tourism Organization. Available at: http://www2.unwto.org
*** WTTC. 2016a. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016: World. Report prepared by the authority on world travel & tourism, London, U.K. Available at: https://www.wttc.org
*** WTTC. 2016b. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016: India. Report prepared by the authority on world travel & tourism, London, U.K. Available at: https://www.wttc.org
Published
2017-10-15
How to Cite
MISHRA, P. K.; VERMA, J. K..
Tourism and Peace in Economic Development Perspective of India.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 4, p. 927-934, oct. 2017.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/1429>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.4(20).23.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.