An Analysis of Influential Factors on Tourism Destinations Competitiveness
Abstract
Tourism destinations of physical environment include tourism products such as support services, tourist attractions, and tourism resources, which are available in various scales. These locations are in active competition to raise tourism rate of income. This research uses a model suggesting that destination competition should be evaluated not only by its potential in improving life style and social development, but also through proficiency in resource allocation resulting in long-term economic prosperity. Accordingly, the present study for the first time seeks to analyze the influential factors on the tourism destinations competitiveness in Anzali Special Economic Zone. Required data obtained by a 36-item questionnaire through which the views of 40 tourism experts and specialists selected from Gillan Province Cultural Heritage, Handicraft and Tourism Organization as well as Gillan University. To determine the influential factors, the Factor Analysis Tests were used, while Friedman test was applied to prioritize the effect of components in tourism destination competitive advantage of Anzali Special Economic Zone. The results of this study revealed a crucial importance of tourism attractions and planning components
References
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*** WEF. 2008. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2008: Balancing Economic, Retrieved from www.weforum.org
[2] Baggio, R. 2008. Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system. Tourism Analysis, 13(1): 1–20.
[3] Benur, A. M., and Bramwell, B. 2015. Tourism product development and product diversification in destinations. Tourism Management, 50: 213-224.
[4] Beritelli, P., Bieger, T., and Laesser, C. 2007. Destination governance: Using corporate governance theories as a foundation for effective destination management. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1): 96-107.
[5] Bieger, T., and Wittmer, A. 2006. Finanzwirtschaftliche Aspekte von Attraktionspunkten. Pechlaner, H./Bieger, TTWeiermair, K.(Hrsg.): Attraktions-Management-Führung und Steuerung von Attraktionspunkten, Linde Verlag, Wien, 207-225.
[6] Buhalis, D. 2000. Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21: 97-116.
[7] Butler, R. W. 2000. Tourism and the environment: A geographical perspective. Tourism Geographies, 2(3): 337-358.
[8] Cárdenas-García, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., and Pulido-Fernández, J. I. 2015. Does tourism growth influence economic development? Journal of Travel Research, 54(2): 206-221.
[9] Cooper, C., and Scott, N. 2005. Structure of the Australian Tourism Sector. Gold Coast: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre.
[10] Corigliano, M. A. 1999. Strade del vino ed enoturismo: distretti turistici e vie di comunicazione. F. Angeli.
[11] Corigliano, M. A., and Viganò, G. 2004. Turisti per gusto: enogastronomia, territorio, sostenibilità. Istituto geografico De Agostini.
[12] Della Corte, V., and Aria, M. 2016. Coopetition and sustainable competitive advantage. The case of tourist destinations. Tourism Management, 54: 524-540.
[13] Divisekera, S. 2003. A model of demand for international tourism. Annals of tourism research, 30(1): 31-49.
[14] Dwyer, L., and Kim, C. W. 2003. Destination Competitiveness: a Model and Indicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6 (5): 369-413.
[15] Dwyer, L. et al. 2009. Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tourism Management, 30(1): 63-74.
[16] Enright, M. J., and Newton, J. 2004. Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6): 777-788.
[17] Enright, M. J., and Newton, J. 2005. Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4): 339-350.
[18] Ferreira, J., and Estevao, C. 2009. Regional competitiveness of a tourism cluster: A conceptual model proposal. Encontros Científicos–Tourism & Management Studies, 37-51.
[19] Framke, W. 2002. The destination as a concept: A discussion of the business-related perspective versus the socio-cultural approach in tourism theory. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2(2): 92-108.
[20] Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., and Garcıa, H. C. 2002. Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1): 56-78.
[21] García-Rosell, J. C., and Mäkinen, J. 2013. An integrative framework for sustainability evaluation in tourism: Applying the framework to tourism product development in Finnish Lapland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(3): 396-416.
[22] Gnoth, J. 2004. Strengthening tourism SME brands. In W. Weber (Ed.), Proceedings of Rencontres de St-Gall: Value Creation in Entrepreneurship and SMEs, [CD-ROM]. St Gallen, Switzerland: Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
[23] Gunn, C. A., Var, T. 2002. Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts and Cases (4th Ed.). New York: Routledge.
[24] Hall, C. M., Lew, A. A. 1998. Sustainable Tourism. A Geographical Perspective. Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
[25] Heath, E., and Wall, G. 1992. Marketing Tourism Destinations: Strategic Planning Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
[26] Hesam, M., Kazemi, M., and Rezazadeh, M. 2016. Affecting Factors on Rural Tourism Investment Analyzed through Grounded Theory: The Case of the Villages of Larijan District, Amol, Iran. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 7(2 (14)), 256.
[27] Hjalager, A. M. 1999. Tourism destinations and the concept of industrial districts (ERSA conference papers no. ersa99pa288): European Regional Science Association. Retrieved January 2006.
[28] Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., and Manzari, P. Y. 2012. Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(1): 134-143.
[29] Jelec, I., Gaspar, M. S., and Baric, M. B. 2016, April. Branding and Tourism Destination Management. In International OFEL Conference on Governance, Management and Entrepreneurship (p. 1148). Centar za istrazivanje i razvoj upravljanja doo.
[30] Litwack, J. M., and Qian, Y. 1998. Balanced or unbalanced development: special economic zones as catalysts for transition. Journal of Comparative Economics, 26(1): 117-141.
[31] McKinnon, R. I. 1991. Financial control in the transition from classical socialism to a market economy. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(4): 107-122.
[32] Michael, E. J. 2003. Tourism micro-clusters. Tourism Economics, 9(2): 133-145.
[33] Mihalič, T. 2000. Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness. Tourism management, 21(1): 65-78.
[34] Oza, R. 2010. Special Economic Zones. India’s new economic policy: a critical analysis.
[35] Pavlovich, K. 2003. Pyramids, pubs and pizzas: An interpretation of tourism network structures. Tourism Culture and Communication, 4(1): 1-15.
[36] Pearce, D. G. 2014. Toward an integrative conceptual framework of destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 53(2): 141-153.
[37] Pike, S., and Page, S. J. 2014. Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41: 202-227.
[38] Ritchie, J. B., and Crouch, G. I. 2003. The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective. Cabi.
[39] Samuelson, P. A. 1978. The canonical classical model of political economy. Journal of economic literature, 16(4): 1415-1434.
[40] Saraniemi, S., and Kylänen, M. 2010. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of Travel Research.
[41] Schucan, C. P. 1998. The role of an information concept in relation to destination management. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 1998 (pp. 84-93). Springer Vienna.
[42] Shen, Y. et al. 2014. Where in the World? A Geographic Analysis of a Decade of Research in Tourism, Hospitality, and Leisure Journals. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 1096348014563394.
[43] Smeral, E. 1998. The Impact of globalization on small and medium enterprises: New challenges for tourism policies in European countries. Tourism Management, 19(4): 371-380.
[44] Tinsley, R., and Lynch, P. 2001. Small tourism business networks and destination development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 20(4): 367–378.
[45] Tosun, C. 2000. Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21(6): 613-633.
[46] United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 2011. Tourism towards 2030: Global Overview. UNWTO General Assembly, 19th session, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 2011. UNWTO: Madrid.
[47] Urry, J. 2002. The Tourist Gaze (2nd Ed.). London: Sage.
[48] von Friedrichs Grängsjö, Y. 2003. Destination networking: Co-competition in peripheral surroundings. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(5): 427-448.
[49] Weaver, D. B. 2000. A broad context model of destination development scenarios. Tourism Management, 21(3): 217-224.
[50] Yezheng, F. 2000. The Primary Theories and Techniques in Destination Planning Overseas. Urban Planning Overseas, 3, 001.
[51] Zhang, X., Song, H., and Huang, G. Q. 2009. Tourism supply chain management: A new research agenda. Tourism Management, 30(3): 345-358.
[52] Zheng, X. M., and Song, W. 2005. A Review of Studies on Safety and Security in Tourism in China [J]. Tourism Science, 5: 000.
*** WEF. 2008. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2008: Balancing Economic, Retrieved from www.weforum.org
Published
2017-06-19
How to Cite
KALEJI, Lotfali KOZEGAR; HESAM, Mehdi; KAZEMI, Mohammad.
An Analysis of Influential Factors on Tourism Destinations Competitiveness.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 393-406, june 2017.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/1194>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.2(18).12.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2023 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2023. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.