Inclusive Growth, Agriculture and Employment in Nigeria
Abstract
The Nigerian economy has been experiencing a jobless growth for over two decades. The main driver of this growth has been petroleum oil whose price started falling since 2015. The petroleum oil, which is the major driver of this growth, creates few jobs and as such, it is less inclusive. This paper, therefore, focused on agriculture as alternative to oil and as such investigates the areas where agriculture can replace petroleum oil as the major driver of growth in Nigeria. Majorly, the paper investigates the qualities of agriculture in matching economic growth with reduction in unemployment, inequality and poverty to pave way for inclusive growth within the economy. To achieve the objective above, a secondary data was analyzed using a VAR model which estimated the direct and indirect effects of agriculture on employment, inequality and poverty reduction. The findings revealed that agriculture have negative effects on employment and poverty and positive effects on inequality and gross capital formation. It is therefore, recommended that more emphasis should be placed on adaptation of imported technology to Nigerian’s situation before applying such on agriculture to make it pro-poor growth.
References
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*** ADB. 2011. Framework of inclusive growth indicators, Asian Development Bank. RPT113837. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=739&menu=1515
*** OECD.2013. OECD worshop on Inclusive Growth. OECD Conference centre. Available at: www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth/
*** News Now Nigeria. 2015. Top ten Richest people in Nigeria and Networth Available at: http://newsnownigeria.com.ng/top-ten-richest-people-in-nigeria-2015-and-net-worth-see-photos
*** UNDP.2015. MDGs survey report 2015. UNDP Available at: http://www.ng.undp.org/content/nigeria/en/ home/library/mdg/NigeriaMDGsSurveyReport2015.html
*** WDI 2016. GDP statistics from the World Bank. Available at: http://nigeria.opendataforafrica.org/mhrzolg/gdp-statistics-from-the-world-bank?country=Nigeria
[2] Chang, C. 2014. What is “inclusive growth”? CAFOD Discussion paper. March 2014 Available at: www.cafod. org.uk/content.../inclusive%20growth%20full%20paper.pd.
[3] Christiaensen, L., Demery, L., Kuhl, J. 2011. The role of agriculture in poverty reduction. An empirical perspective. Journal of Development Economics, 96(2): 239-254. Available at: www.elsevier.com/locate/devec
[4] Effoduh, O. (nd). The Economic Development of Nigeria from 1914 to 2014. Available at: https://www. academia.edu/4036100/The_Economic_Development_of_Nigeria_from_1914_to_2014 (accessed March 12 2016).
[5] Goshit, G. G. 2015. Monetary Policy and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria: Theoretical, Issues, Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2855 (Online), 6 (20).
[6] Hassan, S., Zaman, K., Gul, S. 2015. The relationship between growth-inequality-poverty Triangle and environmental degradation: unveiling the reality. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 10: 57-71. Available at: www.elsevier.com/locate/aebj
[7] Idowu, B., Akwaja, C., Anthony-Uko. 2014. 12 people who control Nigeria’s Economy. Leadership. Available at: http://leadership.ng/news/350508/12-people-control-nigerias-economy
[8] Johansen, S, Jesulius, K. 1990. Maximum Likelihood estimation and inference on Co-integration with application to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 52 p.
[9] Johnson, D. S. 2004. Measuring consumption, Poverty: Possibilities and Issues. US Bureau of Labour statistics, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington DC. Available at: www.welfareacademy.org/3./johnson.pdf
[10] Kanu, B. S., Salami, A. O., Numasawa, K. 2014. Inclusive Growth: An Imperative for African Agriculture. AFDB
[11] Nabieva, L. G. and Dauletshina 2015. Return on Investment in the formation of fixed capital assets in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan. Procedia Economics and Finance 24 (2015): 457–463. Available at: www.sciencedirect.com
[12] Oboh, V. U., Adeleke, A. I. 2016. Accelerating Inclusive Agricultural Growth in Nigeria: An Examination of Strategic Issues, Challenges and Policy Options. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability, 4 (6): 1-25.
[13] Oloni, E.F. 2013. The impact of Economic Growth on Employment in Nigeria. International Business and Management, 6 (1): 113-119. DOI:10.3968/j.ibm.1923842820130601.1145. Available at: http://www.cscanada .net/index.php/ibm/article/view/j.ibm.1923842820130601.1145
[14] Oloni, E.F. 2011. The impact of industrial productivity on employment in Nigerian Textile Industry, PhD. dissertation, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Available at BSS_Economics_2011_Oloni
[15] Omoh, G. 2016. 18 states bankrupt, cannot pay worker’s salary Friday, April 15 2016. Available at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/18-states-bankrupt-cant-pay-workers-salaries/
[16] Omojuwa, J. 2011. Income inequality and incidence of poverty in Nigeria. Available at: http://omojuwa.com/ 2011/10/income-inequality-and-incidence-of-poverty-in-nigeria/
[17] Onaolapo, A.R. 2015. Effects of Financial Inclusion on the Economic Growth of Nigeria, International Journal of Business and Management Review, 3 (8):11-28.
[18] Roehlano, M.B. 2015. Small farmers in high-valued chain. Binding or relaxing constraint to Inclusive Growth. World Development, 72: 43-52. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2015/j.worlddev.2015.01.005
[19] Samans, R., Blanke, J., Corrigan, G. and Drzeniek, M. 2015. The inclusive growth and development report, World Economic Forum. Available at: http://www.ledevoir.com/documents/pdf/davosinegalites2015.pdf
[20] Viola, I., Pontrandolfi, A., Manelli, A. 2016. The employment crisis and green orientation in agriculture: New educational models. Florence “Sustainability of Well-Being International Forum”. 2015: Food for Sustainability and not just food, Florence SWIF2015. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 8: 560 – 565.
[21] Uduakobong. 2015. Poverty Alleviation Strategies in Nigeria: A Call for an Inclusive Growth Approach. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, Volume 15.
*** ADB. 2011. Framework of inclusive growth indicators, Asian Development Bank. RPT113837. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=739&menu=1515
*** OECD.2013. OECD worshop on Inclusive Growth. OECD Conference centre. Available at: www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth/
*** News Now Nigeria. 2015. Top ten Richest people in Nigeria and Networth Available at: http://newsnownigeria.com.ng/top-ten-richest-people-in-nigeria-2015-and-net-worth-see-photos
*** UNDP.2015. MDGs survey report 2015. UNDP Available at: http://www.ng.undp.org/content/nigeria/en/ home/library/mdg/NigeriaMDGsSurveyReport2015.html
*** WDI 2016. GDP statistics from the World Bank. Available at: http://nigeria.opendataforafrica.org/mhrzolg/gdp-statistics-from-the-world-bank?country=Nigeria
Published
2017-05-28
How to Cite
OLONI, Elizabeth et al.
Inclusive Growth, Agriculture and Employment in Nigeria.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 183-194, may 2017.
ISSN 2068-7729.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt/article/view/1069>. Date accessed: 24 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v8.1(17).18.
Section
Article
Copyright© 2024 The Author(s). Published by ASERS Publishing 2024. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of CC-BY 4.0 license.