Ecofeminism as a Movement: Choosing between Economics and Nature Protection
Abstract
This research aims to discuss the direction of the ecofeminist movement in Indonesia after the New Order. The world ecofeminist movement is often criticized because it is considered to obscure the essential spirit of feminism in its efforts to protect nature. However, in Indonesia, it is widely praised for its success in protecting wildlife from potential damage. This research uses ecofeminism theory and resource mobilization theory to examine the side of women's struggle to preserve nature. In order to identify research gaps and uncharted region for further investigation, this study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). There are three stages involved in SLR: planning, conducting, and reporting. The results of this research are that there is strengthening within the organization of the ecofeminist movement when natural disasters and other potential natural damage occur, thus giving rise to collective awareness about the importance of women participating in protecting nature. This research concludes that the ecofeminist movement opens up new political opportunities for women to be empowered and prosperous and protect wildlife.
References
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[44] Salleh, Ariel. 1996. Social Ecology and ‘the Man Question.’ Environmental Politics 5 (2): 258–73. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09644019608414264.
[45] Salleh, Ariel. 2003. Ecofeminism as Sociology. Capitalism Nature Socialism 14 (1): 61–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10455750308565514.
[46] Salleh, Ariel, and Martin O’Connor. 1991. Eco‐socialism/Eco‐feminism. Capitalism Nature Socialism 2 (1): 129–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10455759109358432.
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[48] Singh, Nadia. 2023. Gender, Environment Degradation, and Bioenergy Trajectories: Eco-Feminist Perspective. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91262-8_1-1.
[49] Steuter, Erin. 1992. Women against Feminism: An Examination of Feminist Social Movements and Anti‐feminist Countermovements. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 29 (3): 288–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1992.tb02440.x.
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[2] Bachev, Hrabrin. 2023. Agrarian Governance – Who, What, Why, How, Where, When, Price, Level? Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields 14 (1): 105. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v14.1(27).10.
[3] Barry, J. 1998. The emergence of ecofeminist political economy. Environmental Politics, 7(3), 150–155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09644019808414415
[4] Bernard, F. E. 1985. Planning and Environmental Risk in Kenyan Drylands. Geographical Review, 75(1), 58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/214578
[5] Blackburn, Susan. 2004. Women and the State in Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492198.
[6] Bryan, Audrey. 2016. The Sociology Classroom as a Pedagogical Site of Discomfort: Difficult Knowledge and the Emotional Dynamics of Teaching and Learning. Irish Journal of Sociology 24 (1): 7–33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0791603516629463.
[7] Buckingham, Susan. 2004. Ecofeminism in the Twenty‐first Century. The Geographical Journal 170 (2): 146–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00116.x.
[8] Clarke, Melissa. 2001. The Good-Natured Feminist: Ecofeminism and the Quest for Democracy, and: Feminism and Ecological Communities: An Ethic of Flourishing (Review). NWSA Journal 13 (2): 210–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/nwsa.2001.0034.
[9] Clarke, Melissa. 2003. Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters (Review). NWSA Journal 15 (1): 193–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/nwsa.2003.0025.
[10] Cochrane, Regina. 2007. Rural Poverty and Impoverished Theory: Cultural Populism, Ecofeminism, and Global Justice. Journal of Peasant Studies 34 (2): 167–206. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150701516674.
[11] Coric, Dragana. 2014. Ecofeminism as a Way of Resolving Some Environmental Issues. Zbornik Matice Srpske Za Drustvene Nauke, 148: 551–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSDN1448551C.
[12] Eschle, C. 2018. Global Democracy, Social Movements, and Feminism. Routledge.
[13] Estévez-Saá, Margarita, and María Jesús Lorenzo-Modia. 2018. The Ethics and Aesthetics of Eco-Caring: Contemporary Debates on Ecofeminism(s). Women’s Studies 47 (2): 123–46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2018.1425509.
[14] Foster, Emma. 2021. Ecofeminism Revisited: Critical Insights on Contemporary Environmental Governance. Feminist Theory 22 (2): 190–205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700120988639.
[15] Fuchs, Christian. 2006. The Self-Organization of Social Movements. Systemic Practice and Action Research 19 (1): 101–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-005-9006-0.
[16] Gaard, G. 2010. New Directions for Ecofeminism: Toward a More Feminist Ecocriticism. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 17 (4): 643–65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/isq108.
[17] Gaard, Greta. 1996. Ecofeminism. Environmental Ethics 18 (1): 93–98. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics199618146.
[18] Gamson, William A., and Gadi Wolfsfeld. 1993. Movements and Media as Interacting Systems. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 528 (1): 114–25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293528001009.
[19] Garcia, Alicea, Noémi Gonda, Ed Atkins, Naomi Joy Godden, Karen Paiva Henrique, Meg Parsons, Petra Tschakert, and Gina Ziervogel. 2022. Power in Resilience and Resilience’s Power in Climate Change Scholarship. WIREs Climate Change 13 (3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.762.
[20] G Giele, Janet Zollinger, and Monica Threlfall. 1997. Mapping the Women’s Movement: Feminist Politics and Social Transformation in the North. Contemporary Sociology 26 (5): 604. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2307/2655640.
[21] Giugni, Marco. 2009. Political Opportunities: From Tilly to Tilly. Swiss Political Science Review 15 (2): 361–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.2009.tb00136.x.
[22] Goldstone, Jack A. 1980. The Weakness of Organization: A New Look at Gamson’s The Strategy of Social Protest. American Journal of Sociology 85 (5): 1017–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/227123.
[23] Hadi, S P, H Purnaweni, B Prabawani, and R S Hamdani. 2020. Community Movement for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources: Case Study of North Kendeng Mountain Area, Central Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 448 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012069.
[24] Hajad, Vellayati. 2020. The Dilemma of Natural Resources: Economic Opportunities and Challanges Post-Conflict. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 11 (1): 426–32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10326.
[25] Hari, Cahyaratri Kinasih. 2023. Kartini Kendeng’s Resistance Movement for Environmental Preservation in the #KendengMelawan Movement on Social Media. Humaniora 14 (2): 157–66. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v14i2.8777.
[26] Hess, David J., Rachel G. McKane, and Caroline Pietzryk. 2022. End of the Line: Environmental Justice, Energy Justice, and Opposition to Power Lines. Environmental Politics 31 (4): 663–83. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1952799.
[27] Howell, Nancy R. 1988. The Promise of a Process Feminist Theory of Relations. Process Studies 17 (2): 78–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/process198817237.
[28] Iversen, T., Rosenbluth, F. M., and Rosenbluth, F. 2010. Women, Work, and Politics: The Political Economy of Gender Inequality. Yale University Press.
[29] Jenkins, J. Craig. 1983. Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 9 (1): 527–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.09.080183.002523.
[30] Kitchenham, Barbara, O. Pearl Brereton, David Budgen, Mark Turner, John Bailey, and Stephen Linkman. 2009. Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering – A Systematic Literature Review. Information and Software Technology 51 (1): 7–15. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009.
[31] Li, Yan, and Jilian Li. 2023. The Relationship between Environmental, Social, Governance, and Export Performance in Manufacturing Companies: A Literature Review. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields 14 (2): 345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v14.2(28).14.
[32] Lahar, Stephanie. 1991. Ecofeminist Theory and Grassroots Politics. Hypatia 6 (1): 28–45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1991.tb00207.x.
[33] Liu, Yang, Muhammad Khalid Anser, and Khalid Zaman. 2021. Ecofeminism and Natural Resource Management: Justice Delayed, Justice Denied. Sustainability 13 (13): 7319. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137319.
[34] McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald. 1977. Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory. American Journal of Sociology 82 (6): 1212–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/226464.
[35] McKenna, Erin. 1998. Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Teaching Philosophy 21 (2): 189–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/teachphil199821225.
[36] McMahon, Martha. 1997. From the Ground up: Ecofeminism and Ecological Economics. Ecological Economics 20 (2): 163–73. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(96)00026-2.
[37] Mellor, Mary. 1992. Green Politics: Ecofeminist, Ecofeminine or Ecomasculine? Environmental Politics 1 (2): 229–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644019208414022.
[38] Najmuddin, Najmuddin, Halus Satriawan, Misnar Misnar, Yusrizal Akmal, and Nuraida Nuraida. 2022. Pelatihan Rancangan Pembelajaran Konservasi Lingkungan Berbasis Local Wisdom Melalui Lesson Study Pada Lembaga Penjaga Hutan Kampung (LPHK) Di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Lumbung Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 7 (4): 756–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36312/linov.v7i4.1025.
[39] Nash, June. 1992. Interpreting Social Movements: Bolivian Resistance to Economic Conditions Imposed by the International Monetary Fund. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 275–93. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1992.19.2.02a00050.
[40] Nyandiko, Nicodemus Omoyo. 2020. Devolution and Disaster Risk Reduction in Kenya: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 51 (1): 101832. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101832.
[41] Oksala, Johanna. 2018. Feminism, Capitalism, and Ecology. Hypatia 33. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12395.
[42] Peluso, Nancy Lee, Suraya Afiff, and Noer Fauzi Rachman. 2008. Claiming the Grounds for Reform: Agrarian and Environmental Movements in Indonesia. Transnational Agrarian Movements Confronting Globalization, 209–38. Wiley. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444307191.ch8.
[43] Purdy, Laura, and Mary Anne Warren. 1999. Moral Status: Obligations to Persons and Other Living Things. The Philosophical Review 108 (4): 569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2998291.
[44] Salleh, Ariel. 1996. Social Ecology and ‘the Man Question.’ Environmental Politics 5 (2): 258–73. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09644019608414264.
[45] Salleh, Ariel. 2003. Ecofeminism as Sociology. Capitalism Nature Socialism 14 (1): 61–74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10455750308565514.
[46] Salleh, Ariel, and Martin O’Connor. 1991. Eco‐socialism/Eco‐feminism. Capitalism Nature Socialism 2 (1): 129–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10455759109358432.
[47] Showers, Kate B. 1989. Soil Erosion in the Kingdom of Lesotho: Origins and Colonial Response, 1830s–1950s. Journal of Southern African Studies 15 (2): 263–86. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03057078908708200.
[48] Singh, Nadia. 2023. Gender, Environment Degradation, and Bioenergy Trajectories: Eco-Feminist Perspective. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91262-8_1-1.
[49] Steuter, Erin. 1992. Women against Feminism: An Examination of Feminist Social Movements and Anti‐feminist Countermovements. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 29 (3): 288–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1992.tb02440.x.
[50] Sturgeon, Noël. 1999. Ecofeminist Appropriations and Transnational Environmentalisms. Identities 6 (2–3): 255–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.1999.9962645.
[51] Susilo, D, and A Kodir. 2019. Significance of Women Leadership on Natural Conservation Movement at Rembang, Indonesia. Proceedings of the Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Environmental Science, Society, and Technology, WESTECH 2018, December 8th, 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2018.2283846.
[52] Swain, Margaret Byrne, and Melissa Tandy Byrne Swain. 2004. An Ecofeminist Approach to Ecotourism Development. Tourism Recreation Research 29 (3): 1–6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2004.11081451.
[53] Warren, Michael R. 2002. Stories of Change: Narrative and Social Movements. American Journal of Sociology 108 (3): 722–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/378448.
[54] Weiss, Penny, and Wynne Moskop. 2020. Ecofeminist Manifestos: Resources for Feminist Perspectives on the Environment. Women’s Studies International Forum 83. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102418.
[55] Wong, Wong Ming, Mingjing Qu, Chanidapha Nunualvuttiwong, and Kobkullaya Ngamcharoenmongkhon. 2023. Environmental Concerns, Sustainable Consumption, and COVID-19 Fear in Online Consumers: A Research Exploration. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields 14 (2): 246. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v14.2(28).05.
[56] BBC News Indonesia. 2017. Aksi mengecor kaki dengan semen dan berbagai “protes ekstrem” lain. 22 Maret. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-39324831
[57] BBC News Indonesia. 2020. Kisah para perempuan penjaga hutan Aceh: “Kami lebih didengar oleh para pembalak liar.” 15 Desember. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-55300012
Published
2024-03-29
How to Cite
HAJAD, Vellayati; IKHSAN, Ikhsan.
Ecofeminism as a Movement: Choosing between Economics and Nature Protection.
Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 1, p. 91 - 100, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2068-7710.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/tpref/article/view/8365>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v15.1(29).09.
Section
Articles
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