A Review and Comparative Analysis of Digital Literacy Frameworks – Where Are We Heading and Why?
Abstract
Digital literacy has become as important as other types of literacies that schools and universities teach. In this context, defining it and understanding its components are critical in order to be able to design meaningful policies meant to improve the digital literacy level of the population and to create adequate and well-articulated educational tools and curricula. The purpose of this paper is to identify, briefly describe and compare the existing digital literacy frameworks issued by academia, as well as by governmental and international organizations. Based on this comparative analysis, the paper concludes as to the strengths of the most recent and comprehensive digital literacy framework and discusses the need of progression from earlier frameworks to the most recent ones.
References
[1] Aviram, A. 2009. The Need for Strategic Thinking on ICT and Education. Policy Futures in Education. SAGE Publications. DOI: 10.2304/pfie.2009.7.6.592
[2] Chadwick, D., et al. 2022. Digital Inclusion and Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities during COVID‐19: A Rapid Review and International Bricolage. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(3): 242-56. DOI:10.1111/jppi.12410
[3] Chetty, K., et al. 2018. Bridging the Digital Divide: Measuring Digital Literacy. Economics, 12: 2018-23. DOI:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-23
[4] Eshet-Alkalai, Y. 2004. Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1): 93-106.
[5] Feerrar, J. 2019. Development of a Framework for Digital Literacy. Reference Services Review, 47(2): 91-105. DOI: 10.1108/rsr-01-2019-0002
[6] Ferrari, A. 2012. Digital Competence in Practice: An Analysis of Frameworks, European Commission-JRC-IPTS, Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union.
[7] Flores-Vivar, J.-M., and García-Peñalvo, F.-J. 2023. Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4). Comunicar, 30(74): 35-44. DOI: 10.3916/c74-2023-03
[8] Gilster, P. 1997. Digital Literacy. Wiley Computer Publications.
[9] Handley, F. J.L. 2018. Developing Digital Skills and Literacies in UK Higher Education: Recent Developments and a Case Study of the Digital Literacies Framework at the University of Brighton, UK. Publicaciones, 48(1): 109-125. DOI: 10.30827/publicaciones.v48i1.7327
[10] James, L. Knight School of Communication. 2018. Measuring Digital and Media Literacy Continuing an Area-Wide Index, May 2018 Report. Available at: https://digitalcharlotte.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/DMLINDEX-report-2018.pdf
[11] Janssen, J., et al. 2013. Experts’ Views on Digital Competence: Commonalities and Differences. Computers and Education, 68: 473-81. DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.06.008
[12] Jisc. n.d. Building Digital Capability, Digital Capability Framework. Available at: https://www.jisc.ac.uk/rd/projects/building-digital-capability
[13] Johnston, N. 2020. The Shift towards Digital Literacy in Australian University Libraries: Developing a Digital Literacy Framework. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 69(1): 93-101. DOI:10.1080/24750158.2020.1712638
[14] Kusumastuti, Ayu, and Astrida Nuryani. 2020. Digital Literacy Levels in ASEAN (Comparative Study on ASEAN Countries). Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia. EAI. DOI:10.4108/eai.23-10-2019.2293047.
[15] Lanham, Richard. 1995. Digital Literacy. Scientific American, 273(3):160-161.
[16] Loewus, Liana. 2016. What is digital literacy? Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-digital-literacy/2016/11
[17] Macquarie University. n.d. Digital Literacy. https://lt.arts.mq.edu.au/learning-technologies/digital-literacy/
[18] Martínez B., et al. 2021. Meta-Marco de La Alfabetización Digital: Análisis Comparado de Marcos de Competencias Del Siglo XXI. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79. DOI: 10.4185/rlcs-2021-1508
[19] Nedungadi, P. P., et al. 2018. Towards an Inclusive Digital Literacy Framework for Digital India. Education + Training, 60(6): 516-528. DOI: 10.1108/et-03-2018-0061
[20] Neumann, M.M., Finger, G. and Neumann, D.L. 2016. A Conceptual Framework for Emergent Digital Literacy. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(4): 4710479. DOI:10.1007/s10643-016-0792-z
[21] Nguyen, L. A. T., and Habók, A. 2023. Tools for Assessing Teacher Digital Literacy: A Review. Journal of Computers in Education. DOI:10.1007/s40692-022-00257-5
[22] Peng, D, and Yu, Z.2022. A Literature Review of Digital Literacy over Two Decades. Education Research International, 2533413. DOI:10.1155/2022/2533413.
[23] Reyna, J., Hanham, J. and Meier, P. C. 2018. A Framework for Digital Media Literacies for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. E-Learning and Digital Media, 15(4): 176-190. DOI:10.1177/2042753018784952
[24] Ribeiro Rosa, F. 2013. Proposal for a digital literacy index: results of the methodological formulation. Available at: https://fernandarosa.net/proposal-for-a-digital-literacy-index-results-of-the-methodological-formulation/
[25] Shopova, T. 2014. Digital Literacy of Students and Its Improvement at the University. ERIES Journal, 7(2): 26-32.
[26] Tinmaz, H., Fanea-Ivanovici, M. and Baber, H. 2022. A Snapshot of Digital Literacy. Library Hi Tech News, 40(1): 20-23. DOI: 10.1108/lhtn-12-2021-0095
[27] Yang, W. 2022. Artificial Intelligence Education for Young Children: Why, What, and How in Curriculum Design and Implementation. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3:100061.
[28] Centre for Digital Literacy, Korea. 2022. CDL Digital Literacy Framework.
[29] Edith Cowan University. n.d. Digital Literacy Framework. Available at: https://www.ecu.edu.au/centres/library-services/teaching-support/digital-literacy-framework
[30] DQ Institute. 2019. World’s first global standard for digital literacy, skills and readiness launched by the Coalition for Digital Intelligence. Available at: https://www.dqinstitute.org/2021/12/10/worlds-first-global-standard-for-digital-literacy-skills-and-readiness-launched-by-the-coalition-for-digital-intelligence/
[31] European Commission. n.d.b. European Digital Agenda - European digital competence framework 2.0. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/digcomp/digital-competence-framework
[32] European Commmission. n.d.a. DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. Available at: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC106281
[33] European Parliament. Digital Agenda for Europe. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/64/digital-agenda-for-europe
[34] G20 Insights. Bridging the Digital Divide: Measuring Digital Literacy. Available at: https://www.g20-insights.org/policy_briefs/bridging-digital-divide-measuring-digital-literacy/
[35] Media Smarts. n.d. Canada’s Centre for Digital and Media Literacy. Digital Literacy Fundamentals – Digital Literacy Model. Available at: https://mediasmarts.ca/digital-media-literacy/general-information/digital-media-literacy-fundamentals/digital-literacy-fundamentals
[36] National Council for Special Education. n.d. Ireland, Digital Literacy Framework: GLD. Available at: https://www.sess.ie/sites/default/files/Resources/Digital_Literach/FrameworkPoster_TD.pdf
[37] SIBIS. 2003. Digital Literacy in Europe. http://www.sibis-eu.org/statistics/data/7-60.htm
[38] UNESCO. 2011. Digital Literacy in Education. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002144/214485e.pdf
[39] UNESCO. 2016. Global Education Monitoring Report. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002457/245752e.pdf
[40] UNESCO. n.d. Available at: http://uis.unesco.org/en/blog/global-framework-measure-digital-literacy
[41] University of British Columbia. n.d. The BC Digital Literacy Framework. Available at: https://scarfedigitalsandbox.teach.educ.ubc.ca/the-bc-digital-literacy-framework/
[2] Chadwick, D., et al. 2022. Digital Inclusion and Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities during COVID‐19: A Rapid Review and International Bricolage. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(3): 242-56. DOI:10.1111/jppi.12410
[3] Chetty, K., et al. 2018. Bridging the Digital Divide: Measuring Digital Literacy. Economics, 12: 2018-23. DOI:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-23
[4] Eshet-Alkalai, Y. 2004. Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1): 93-106.
[5] Feerrar, J. 2019. Development of a Framework for Digital Literacy. Reference Services Review, 47(2): 91-105. DOI: 10.1108/rsr-01-2019-0002
[6] Ferrari, A. 2012. Digital Competence in Practice: An Analysis of Frameworks, European Commission-JRC-IPTS, Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union.
[7] Flores-Vivar, J.-M., and García-Peñalvo, F.-J. 2023. Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4). Comunicar, 30(74): 35-44. DOI: 10.3916/c74-2023-03
[8] Gilster, P. 1997. Digital Literacy. Wiley Computer Publications.
[9] Handley, F. J.L. 2018. Developing Digital Skills and Literacies in UK Higher Education: Recent Developments and a Case Study of the Digital Literacies Framework at the University of Brighton, UK. Publicaciones, 48(1): 109-125. DOI: 10.30827/publicaciones.v48i1.7327
[10] James, L. Knight School of Communication. 2018. Measuring Digital and Media Literacy Continuing an Area-Wide Index, May 2018 Report. Available at: https://digitalcharlotte.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/DMLINDEX-report-2018.pdf
[11] Janssen, J., et al. 2013. Experts’ Views on Digital Competence: Commonalities and Differences. Computers and Education, 68: 473-81. DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.06.008
[12] Jisc. n.d. Building Digital Capability, Digital Capability Framework. Available at: https://www.jisc.ac.uk/rd/projects/building-digital-capability
[13] Johnston, N. 2020. The Shift towards Digital Literacy in Australian University Libraries: Developing a Digital Literacy Framework. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 69(1): 93-101. DOI:10.1080/24750158.2020.1712638
[14] Kusumastuti, Ayu, and Astrida Nuryani. 2020. Digital Literacy Levels in ASEAN (Comparative Study on ASEAN Countries). Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia. EAI. DOI:10.4108/eai.23-10-2019.2293047.
[15] Lanham, Richard. 1995. Digital Literacy. Scientific American, 273(3):160-161.
[16] Loewus, Liana. 2016. What is digital literacy? Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-digital-literacy/2016/11
[17] Macquarie University. n.d. Digital Literacy. https://lt.arts.mq.edu.au/learning-technologies/digital-literacy/
[18] Martínez B., et al. 2021. Meta-Marco de La Alfabetización Digital: Análisis Comparado de Marcos de Competencias Del Siglo XXI. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79. DOI: 10.4185/rlcs-2021-1508
[19] Nedungadi, P. P., et al. 2018. Towards an Inclusive Digital Literacy Framework for Digital India. Education + Training, 60(6): 516-528. DOI: 10.1108/et-03-2018-0061
[20] Neumann, M.M., Finger, G. and Neumann, D.L. 2016. A Conceptual Framework for Emergent Digital Literacy. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(4): 4710479. DOI:10.1007/s10643-016-0792-z
[21] Nguyen, L. A. T., and Habók, A. 2023. Tools for Assessing Teacher Digital Literacy: A Review. Journal of Computers in Education. DOI:10.1007/s40692-022-00257-5
[22] Peng, D, and Yu, Z.2022. A Literature Review of Digital Literacy over Two Decades. Education Research International, 2533413. DOI:10.1155/2022/2533413.
[23] Reyna, J., Hanham, J. and Meier, P. C. 2018. A Framework for Digital Media Literacies for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. E-Learning and Digital Media, 15(4): 176-190. DOI:10.1177/2042753018784952
[24] Ribeiro Rosa, F. 2013. Proposal for a digital literacy index: results of the methodological formulation. Available at: https://fernandarosa.net/proposal-for-a-digital-literacy-index-results-of-the-methodological-formulation/
[25] Shopova, T. 2014. Digital Literacy of Students and Its Improvement at the University. ERIES Journal, 7(2): 26-32.
[26] Tinmaz, H., Fanea-Ivanovici, M. and Baber, H. 2022. A Snapshot of Digital Literacy. Library Hi Tech News, 40(1): 20-23. DOI: 10.1108/lhtn-12-2021-0095
[27] Yang, W. 2022. Artificial Intelligence Education for Young Children: Why, What, and How in Curriculum Design and Implementation. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3:100061.
[28] Centre for Digital Literacy, Korea. 2022. CDL Digital Literacy Framework.
[29] Edith Cowan University. n.d. Digital Literacy Framework. Available at: https://www.ecu.edu.au/centres/library-services/teaching-support/digital-literacy-framework
[30] DQ Institute. 2019. World’s first global standard for digital literacy, skills and readiness launched by the Coalition for Digital Intelligence. Available at: https://www.dqinstitute.org/2021/12/10/worlds-first-global-standard-for-digital-literacy-skills-and-readiness-launched-by-the-coalition-for-digital-intelligence/
[31] European Commission. n.d.b. European Digital Agenda - European digital competence framework 2.0. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/digcomp/digital-competence-framework
[32] European Commmission. n.d.a. DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. Available at: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC106281
[33] European Parliament. Digital Agenda for Europe. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/64/digital-agenda-for-europe
[34] G20 Insights. Bridging the Digital Divide: Measuring Digital Literacy. Available at: https://www.g20-insights.org/policy_briefs/bridging-digital-divide-measuring-digital-literacy/
[35] Media Smarts. n.d. Canada’s Centre for Digital and Media Literacy. Digital Literacy Fundamentals – Digital Literacy Model. Available at: https://mediasmarts.ca/digital-media-literacy/general-information/digital-media-literacy-fundamentals/digital-literacy-fundamentals
[36] National Council for Special Education. n.d. Ireland, Digital Literacy Framework: GLD. Available at: https://www.sess.ie/sites/default/files/Resources/Digital_Literach/FrameworkPoster_TD.pdf
[37] SIBIS. 2003. Digital Literacy in Europe. http://www.sibis-eu.org/statistics/data/7-60.htm
[38] UNESCO. 2011. Digital Literacy in Education. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002144/214485e.pdf
[39] UNESCO. 2016. Global Education Monitoring Report. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002457/245752e.pdf
[40] UNESCO. n.d. Available at: http://uis.unesco.org/en/blog/global-framework-measure-digital-literacy
[41] University of British Columbia. n.d. The BC Digital Literacy Framework. Available at: https://scarfedigitalsandbox.teach.educ.ubc.ca/the-bc-digital-literacy-framework/
Published
2023-12-20
How to Cite
LEE, Yoo -Taek; FANEA-IVANOVICI, Mina.
A Review and Comparative Analysis of Digital Literacy Frameworks – Where Are We Heading and Why?.
Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 457 - 472, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2068-7710.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/tpref/article/view/8228>. Date accessed: 27 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v14.2(28).22.
Section
Articles
Non-Exclusive License under Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0):
This ‘Article’ is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which lets others distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon this article, even commercially, as long as they credit this article for the original creation. ASERS Publishing will be acknowledged as the first publisher of the Article and a link to the appropriate bibliographic citation (authors, article title, volume issue, page numbers, DOI, and the link to the Published Article on ASERS Publishing’ Platform) must be maintained.