GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND THE GREAT TRADE COLLAPSE: GUILTY OR CASUALTY?
Abstract
With globalization, trade and production have been increasingly interlinked, thanks to the vertical integration of industrial production processes through outsourcing and off-shoring. The expansion of international supply chains determined the apparent increase in trade elasticity observed since the late 1980s, and may explain also the overshooting of trade elasticity during the 2008-2009 trade collapse. After reviewing the available evidences, the article analyses the future of globalized production networks in a post-crisis scenario. In the short term, global rebalancing might prove easier than expected, because trade in intermediate goods inflated artificially some bilateral trade deficits, albeit bilateral exchange rate adjustments have reduced impacts. But supply chains may become smaller and more regional as a result of this rebalancing. This scenario creates a challenge for labour abundant less advanced developing countries in the periphery of the large regional networks, which will find more difficult to attract productive investments. Yet deglobalization remains a distant threat as long as the technical and institutional factors that made possible the internationalization of production are preserved.
References
[2] Bénassy-Quéré, A., Decreux, Y., Fontagné, L., and Khoudour-Castéras, D. 2009. Economic Crisis and Global Supply Chains. CEPII No 2009-15, July 2009.
[3] Carrère, C., de Melo, J., and Wilson J. 2010. Distance and Regionalization Of Trade For Low-Income Countries. World Bank WPS5214, February 2010.
[4] Daudin, G., Monperrus-Veroni, P., Rifflart C., and Schweisguth, D. 2006. Le commerce extérieur en valeur ajoutée. Revue de l’OFCE 98: 129-165.
[5] Djankov, S., Freund, C., and Pham C.S. 2006. Trading on Time. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3909.
[6] Dvorak, P. 2009. Clarity is missing in Supply Chain. The Wall Street Journal, 18 May 2009.
[7] Escaith, H. 2007. Old and New Dualisms in Latin America and Asia: Labour Productivity, International Competitiveness and Income Distribution. Revista Trabajo No.5, ILO-UAM.
[8] Escaith, H. 2008. Measuring trade in value added in the new industrial economy: statistical implications. 12th Meeting of the Association française de Comptabilité nationale and MPRA Paper 14454, Munich.
[9] Escaith, H., and Gonguet, F. 2009. International Trade and Real Transmission Channels of Financial Shocks in Globalized Production Networks. WTO Working Paper ERSD-2009-06, May 2009.
[10] Escaith, H., Lindenberg, N., and Miroudot, S. 2010. International Supply Chains and Trade Elasticity in Times of Global Crisis. WTO Working Paper ERSD-2010-08, February 2010.
[11] Feenstra, R., and Hamilton, G. 2006. Emergent Economies, Divergent Paths: Economic Organization and International Trade in South Korea and Taiwan. Cambridge University Press.
[12] Grossman, G., and Rossi-Hansberg, E. 2006. The rise of offshoring: it’s not wine for cloth anymore, Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
[13] Hertwich, E., and Peters, G. 2009. Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis. Environmental Sciences and Technology Vol. 43 No 16: 6414–6420.
[14] Hurst, R., Buttle, M., and Sandars, J. 2009. The Impact of the Global Economic Slowdown on Value Chain Labour Markets in Asia. (September 2009).
[15] IDE-JETRO. 2006. How to make Asian Input-Output Tables. March 2006.
[16] Johnson, R.C., and Noguera, G. 2009. Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added. Dartmouth College and University of California, Berkeley.
[17] Krugman, P. 1995. Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences. Brookings Paper on Economic Activity 1:327-377 – 1995.
[18] Lynn, B. 2009. How Detroit Went Bottom-Up. The American Prospect, October 2009.
[19] Milberg, W. 2007. Export Processing Zones, Industrial Upgrading and Economic Development: A Survey. New School for Social Research.
[20] Miroudot, S., and Ragoussis, A. 2009. Vertical Trade, Trade Costs And FDI. OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 89.
[21] Oosterhaven, J. 1996. Leontief versus Ghoshian Price and Quantity Models. Southern Economic Journal Vol. 62, No. 3: 750-759.
[22] Stadtler, H. 2008. Supply Chain Management – An overview, In Hartmut, S., and Kigler, C. Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning. Springler-Verlag, 4th Edition.
[23] Sturgeon, T., and Van Biesebroeck, J. 2009. Crisis and Protection in the Automotive Industry: A Global Value Chain Perspective. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5060.
[24] Tanaka, K. 2009. Trade collapse and international supply chains: Evidence from Japan. VoxEU.org, 7 May 2009.
[25] Uchida, Y., and Inomata, S. 2010. Vertical Specialization in the Time of the Economic Crisis. IDE-Jetro 2010.
[26] Yi, Kei-Mu. 2009. The collapse of global trade: The role of vertical specialisation, In R. Baldwin, and S. Evenett (eds), The collapse of global trade, murky protectionism, and the crisis: Recommendations for the G20, VoxEU publication 2009.
[27] WTO. 2010. Market Access for Products and Services of Export Interest to Least-Developed Countries. WT/COMTD/LDC/W/46 Revue.1 , February 2010.
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.