Negative Circumstances in the Investigation of Crime. Their Conceptual Apparatus, Establishment and Use in the Interests of the Investigation
Abstract
This article addresses the use of negative circumstances in investigations. Negative circumstances as a category of forensic science have been widely studied in the papers by renowned forensic scientists. Nevertheless, the wealth of works on this subject does not allow a coherent scientific doctrine to be developed. Researchers’ opinions on the essence, notion, classification of negative circumstances and their use in the investigation proceedings can vary rather significantly. In this work, the author discusses the potential practical application of negative circumstances by the authorized officers in their crime investigation activity. The interrelationship and the interdependence of negative circumstances have been studied. The objective of this study is to provide a system-based review of the phenomenon of negative circumstances, to identify and to examine possibilities for using negative circumstances in the interests of the investigation of crime. This objective has been achieved by solving the tasks aimed at clarifying the essence of negative circumstances and their place among the other circumstances of the accident, identifying and studying the features and characteristics of negative circumstances, and optimizing the conceptual apparatus. The features and characteristics of negative circumstances, their types, and factors contributing to negative circumstances have been studied. From the author’s point of view, negative circumstances are presented as an information element of the accident under investigation which can and should be used, if any, in the activity of the subjects of investigation. The author has set forth a number of suggestions concerning further improvement of the existing criminal procedural legislation. The problems connected with identification, establishment and use of negative circumstances are considered from the practical perspective of the crime investigation activity.
References
[2] Belkin, R.S. 1964. Eksperiment v sledstvennoy i sudebnoy praktike [Experiment in the Investigative and Court Practice]. Moscow: Legal Literature.
[3] Belkin, R.S. 1999. Kriminalistika. Ucheb. slov.-sprav. [Forensic Science. Terminology Guide]. Moscow: Norma.
[4] Belkin, R.S. 2001. Kriminalistika: problemy segodnyashnego dnya [Forensic Science: Today’s Problems]. In Zlobodnevnye voprosy rossiyskoy kriminalistiki [Topical Issues of Forensic Science in Russia]. Moscow: Norma.
[5] Byrzhanov, B.K. 2014. Rol’ negativnykh obstoyatel’stv v sledstvennoy praktike [Role of Negative Circumstances in the Investigative Practice]. Bulletin KarGU, 4(76): 98-102.
[6] Dobos, J. 1964. Negativnye momenty na meste proisshestviya [Negative Aspects at the Scene]. Overview of Internal Affairs 1: 52-56.
[7] Gross, G. 1985. Rukovodstvo dlya sudebnykh sledovateley, chinov obshchey i zhandarmskoy politsii i dr. [Guide for Forensic Investigators, General and Gendarme Police Officers, etc.]. Journal of the Ministry of Justice, 11-12: 149 156.
[8] Knobloch, E. 1960. Meditsinskaya kriminalistika [Forensic Medicine]. Praga: Medical Literature Publishing House.
[9] Larin, A.M. 1977. Rukovodstvo po rassledovaniyu ubiystv [Guide to Investigations of Murders]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, pp. 67-68
[10] Lokard, E. 1938. Obman strakhovykh obshchestv i simulyatsiya neschastnykh sluchaev [Fraud against Insurance Companies and Staged Accidents]. International Review of criminology, 3: 8-11.
[11] Medvedev, S.I. 1973. Negativnye obstoyatel’stva i ikh ispol’zovanie v raskrytii prestupleniy [Negative Circumstances and Their Use in Crime Solving]. Volgograd: Volgograd true.
[12] Meretskiy, N.E. 2007. Kriminalistika i operativno-takticheskie kombinatsii [Forensic Science and Investigative Tactics Combinations]. Moscow: Yurlitinform.
[13] Polaykov, M.P. 2001. Ugolovno-protsessual’naya interpretatsiya rezul’tatov operativno-rozysknoy deyatel’nosti. Monografiya [Criminal Procedure Interpretation of the Results of Operative-Search Activities. Monograph]. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Law Academy.
[14] Rubis, A.S. 2006. Osnovy teorii kriminalisticheskogo obespecheniya deyatel’nosti prokurora v sfere bor’by s prestupnost’yu. Monografiya [Foundations of the Theory of the Forensic Support for the Prosecutor’s Activity in the Fight against Crime. Monograph]. Minsk: Harvest, pp. 108-109.
[15] Rubis, A.S. 2006. Osnovy teorii kriminalisticheskogo obespecheniya deyatel’nosti prokurora v sfere bor’by s prestupnost’yu. Monografiya [Foundations of the Theory of the Forensic Support for the Prosecutor’s Activity in the Fight against Crime. Monograph]. Minsk: Harvest.
[16] Stepanov, M.E. 2014. Osobennosti vyyavleniya skrytykh instsenirovkami ubiystv, sovershennykh organizovannymi gruppami [Revealing Disguised Murders Committed by Organized Criminal Groups]. Russian Law Journal, 1: 97-102.
[17] Vasil’ev, A.N. 1960. Osnovy sledstvennoy taktiki. Avtoref. dis. d-ra yurid. nauk [Fundamentals of Investigative Tactics (Doctoral Thesis Abstract)]. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Moscow.
[18] Vasil’ev, A.N., and Popov, V. 1961. Osmotr mesta proisshestviya (rets. na kn.) [Examination of the Scene (Book Review)]. Socialist legality ', 7: 94-95.
[19] Zorin, R.G. 2011. Kriminalisticheskoye obespechenie raspoznaniya i ispol’zovaniya negativnykh obstoyatel’stv storonoy zashchity pri formirovanii alibi – lzhealibi [Forensic Support for the Identification and Use of Negative Circumstances by the Defense Team in the Formation of Alibi or False Alibi]. Bulletin KazNU: Legal series 3: 49-54.
[20] Zorin, R.G. 2012. Kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie protsessa raspoznaniya diapazona i dinamiki sushchestvennykh narusheniy v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [Forensic Support for the Identification of the Range and Dynamics of Material Violations in the Criminal Court Proceedings]. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. A series of ‘right’, 1(65): 75-81.
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.