Normalization of Bilateral Relations between the USA and Myanmar (2008-2009)
Abstract
In the article, pre-conditions and circumstances of adjusting of bilateral relations are illuminated between the USA and Myanmar at the first administration of Barack Obama. The special attention is spared to the stages of bilateral relations of the USA with Myanmar from 2008 – 2009 and directions of their improvement. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is a modern understanding of the principles and methods of historical research. The main ones are the method of comparative analysis, descriptive and historical retrospectives, which made it possible to reveal the essence of US bilateral relations with Myanmar in the post-bipolar period. The purpose of this article is to study the normalization of US-China relations during the first Obama administration. 2008 was decisive for American-Myanmar relations. The Obama administration was still able to focus attention and effort on the implementation of a number of tasks designed to promote successful implementation of an active, balanced and pragmatic policy in Myanmar. The reform process has brought great benefits and advantages for Myanmar. These benefits have been able to help stimulate the regime to continue the reform process. The reformers of Myanmar themselves are also confident that cooperation with the United States and its allies helped reduce the country's dependence on China. Washington played an important role in the democratization of Myanmar, and the Aung San Suu Kyi team was well aware of this in the country's international integration process.
References
[2] Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Background Note: Burma. 2010. U.S. Department of State. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35910.htm
[3] Burma election laws a ‘setback’ for dialogue, says US. 2010. BBC News. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8563870.stm
[4] Campbell, K.M. 2009. U.S. Policy toward Burma. U.S. Department of State. Available at: https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2009/10/130769.htm
[5] Charbonneau, L. 2009. Myanmar PM meets U.S. senator, promises reforms. Reuters. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE58R5FQ20090928
[6] China has become the third biggest investor in Myanmar. 2010. Economic and Commercial Counselor’s Office of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Myanmar. Available at: http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/j/201004/20100406869752.html
[7] Crowley, P.J. 2010. Daily press briefing. U.S. Department of State. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2010/4/140649.htm
[8] Full transcript: President Barack Obama’s inaugural address. 2009. ABC News. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/print?id=6689022
[9] Gorodnya, N. 2013. Myanmar's ‘engagement’ strategy in US politics for B. Obama's presidency. Bulletin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, 4(117): 13–17.
[10] Kaufman, S. 2009. Obama, Clinton condemn sentencing of Burma’s Aung San Suu Kyi. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Information Programs. Available at: http://www.america.gov/st/democracyhr-english/2009/August/20090811160723esnamfuak0.5395777.html
[11] Kessler, G. 2009. U.S. Diplomat, Burmese official meet White House is reviewing policy toward nation. Washington Post. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/25/AR2009032503116.html
[12] Koldunova, E.V. 2012. Myanmar (Republic of Myanmar Union). In Encyclopedia guide. Moscow: Nauka.
[13] Maletin, N.P. 2007. ASEAN: Four decades of development. MGIMO University.
[14] Marciel, S. 2009. Burma: Policy Review. U.S. Department of State. Available at: https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2009/11/131536.htm
[15] Marshall, A. 2009. Getting to know Burma’s ruling general. Time. Available at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1929130,00.html
[16] Overview of Burma sanctions. 2009. BBC News. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8195956.stm
[17] Pomfret, J. 2009. Visit by Burmese official hints at U.S. policy shift. Washington Post Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/22/AR2009092202911.html
[18] Shashkova, A.V., Rakittskaya, I.A., and Pavlov, E.Ya. 2017. Emergence and activity of legal entities in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period (comparative analysis). Bylye Gody, 46(4): 1333-1344.
[19] Shengda, H., and Chenyang, L. 2009. Myanmar. Social Sciences Academic Press.
[20] Shherin, S.O. 2011. Three different countries in one Asia. External Affairs, 4: 300-314.
[21] Simony, A.O. 2017. History of the countries of Eastern and Southeast Asia after the Second World War. Publishing house Yurayt.
[22] Smith, M. 2007. State of strife: the dynamics of ethnic conflict in Burma. East-West Center.
[23] U.S. accession to treaty of amity, cooperation in Southeast Asia. 2009. U.S. Department of State. Available at: https://honhuhai.wordpress.com/2010/07/28/secretary-of-state-hillary-rodham-clinton-at-hanoi-vietnam/
[24] U.S. extends sanctions on Myanmar. 2010. People's Daily Online. Available at: http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90852/6986279.html
[25] Yunfei, Z. 2009. Myanmar begins to give amnesty to more than 6300 prisoners. Xinhua News, Available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-02/21/content_10861622.htm
[26] Zengerle, P., and Tarrant, B. 2009. Obama meets Myanmar PM, calls for Suu Kyi’s release. Reuters. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5AE0EG20091115
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.