Institute of Licensing of Economic Activities in the EU Countries: Lessons for Ukraine
Abstract
The article examines the licensing systems of economic activity, which are enshrined in the national legislation of such countries of the European Union as Germany, Great Britain and Poland. The authors identify the situation inherent in licensing systems of the above-mentioned EU member states and substantiates the expediency of using these provisions in further reforming of the licensing system of economic activity in Ukraine. The legislation of the European Union aimed at regulating the implementation of certain activities across the whole of the EU, and legislation relating to rules for the mutual recognition of permits and qualifications of specialists in EU member states was analyzed.
References
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[17] Kovacs, E., Schmidt, A.E., Szocska, G., Busse, R., McKee, M., and Legido-Quigley, H. 2014. Licensing Procedures and Registration of Medical Doctors in the European Union.Clinical Medicine 14(3): 229–238.
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[21] Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 ‘Establishing Common Rules Concerning the Conditions to Be Complied with to Pursue the Occupation of Road Transport Operator and Repealing Council Directive 96/26/EC’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009R1071.
[22] Regulation (EC) No 1072/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 ‘On Common Rules for Access to the International Road Haulage Market’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R1072.
[23] Room, R. 2004. Disabling the Public Interest: Alcohol Strategies and Policies for England.Addiction 99(9): 1083–1089.
[24] Skok, W., and Tissut, M. 2003. Managing Change: the London Taxi Cabs Case Study. Strategic Change 12(2): 95–108.
[25] Solé, M., Panteli, D., Risso-Gill, I., Döring, N., Busse, R., McKeeF, M., and Legido-Quigley, H. 2014. How Do Medical Doctors in the European Union Demonstrate That They Continue to Meet Criteria for Registration and Licencing?Clinical Medicine 14(6): 633–639.
[26] Spiliopoulos, O. 2014. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement as a Framework of Integration Between the Two Parties.Procedia Economics and Finance 9: 256–263.
[27] Statistical Release. 2017. Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Statistics: England 2017. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/642759/taxi-private-hire-vehicles-2017.pdf.
[28] Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland of 2015 No. 393 ‘The Taxi Licensing Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2015/393/regulation/4/made.
[29] Van der Loo, G., Van Elsuwege, P., and Petrov, R. 2014. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement: Assessment of an Innovative Legal Instrument.EUI Working Papers. https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=709021124002093090085098111030127125051054034003088001030111064123087079074087030026039118010062037125043100107096001016113025112085069038022030029107029111115013093004007022081106016013025091006015118003002124125122104076070102123085065007105064103116&EXT=pdf.
[30] World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. 2013. Doing business 2013. Smarter Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB13-full-report.pdf.
[31] World Bank Group. 2018. Doing Business 2018. Reforming to Create Jobs. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB2018-Full-Report.pdf.
[32] Mishchenko, S.V. 2009. Financial crisis influence upon realization of monetary policy by central banks. Actual Problems of Economics 9(99): 209-218.
[33] Council Directive 77/249/EEC of March 22, 1977 ‘To Facilitate the Effective Exercise by Lawyers of Freedom to Provide Services’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:31977L0249.
[34] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 26, 1983 ‘Medical Act 1983’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/54/contents.
[35] Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses of December 7, 1984 No. 8073-X. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10.
[36] Law of Ukraine of December 21, 1993 No. 3759-XII ‘On Television and Broadcasting’. http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3759-12.
[37] Law of the Republic of Poland of December 5, 1996 ‘On the Professions of a Doctor and a Dentist’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20112771634.
[38] Directive 98/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of February16, 1998 ‘To Facilitate Practice of the Profession of Lawyer on a Permanent Basis in a Member State Other Than That in Which the Qualification Was Obtained’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A31998L0005.
[39] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of June 22, 1998 ‘Road Haulage Law’ (Güterkraftverkehrsgesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/g_kg_1998/index.html#BJNR148510998BJNE000706123.
[40] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of September 09, 1998 ‘On Banking’ (Kreditwesengesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kredwg/BJNR008810961.html.
[41] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of November 20, 1998 ‘On Restaurant Activity’ (Gaststättengesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gastg/.
[42] Law of Ukraine of December 07, 2000 No. 2121-III ‘On Banks and Banking’. http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2121-14.
[43] Criminal Code of Ukraine of April 05, 2001 No. 2341-III. http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14.
[44] Law of the Republic of Poland of September 6, 2001 ‘On Road Transport’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20011251371&type=2.
[45] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of July 23, 2002 ‘Youth Protection Act’ (Jugendschutzgesetzes). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/juschg/BJNR273000002.html.
[46] Law of the Republic of Poland of March 28, 2003 ‘On Rail Transport’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20030860789.
[47] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 10, 2003 ‘The Licensing Act 2003’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/17/contents.
[48] Law of the Republic of Poland of July 2, 2004 ‘On the Freedom of Economic Activity’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20041731807.
[49] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 8, 2004 ‘Gangmasters (Licensing) Act 2004’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/11/crossheading/licensing.
[50] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of April 7, 2005 ‘Gambling Act 2005’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/19/contents.
[51] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of May 5, 2008 ‘On Amending the Regulation on International Road Haulage and Cabotage’ (GüKGrKabotageV). https://dejure.org/BGBl/2008/BGBl._I_S._794.
[52] Tax Code of Ukraine of December 2, 2010 No. 2755-VI. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2755-17.
[53] Law of the Republic of Poland of June 9, 2011 ‘Geological and Mining Law’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20111630981.
[54] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of May 14, 2014 ‘Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/17/introduction/enacted.
[55] Law of Ukraine of March 02, 2015 No. 222-VІІ ‘On Licensing of Types of Economic Activities’. http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/222-19/paran129#n129.
[56] Industrial Code of the Federal Republic of Germany of February 22, 1999 (Gewerbeordnung). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gewo/index.html.
[2] BaFin. 2005. Notes Regarding the Licensing for Conducting Cross-Border Banking Business and/or Providing Cross-Border Financial Services.https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/EN/Merkblatt/mb_050401_grenzueberschreitend_en.html.
[3] Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. 2013. 2013 Investment Climate Statement – Poland. https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2013/204716.htm.
[4] Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 7, 2005 ‘On the Recognition of Professional Qualifications’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32005L0036.
[5] Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 ‘On Access to the Activity of Credit Institutions and the Prudential Supervision of Credit Institutions and Investment Firms, Amending Directive 2002/87/EC and Repealing Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC’. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32013L0036&from=EN.
[6] European Banking Federation. 2016. Statistical Annex. https://www.ebf.eu/facts-and-figures/statistical-annex/.
[7] European Central Bank. 2017. Guide to Assessments of Licence Applications. https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/legalframework/publiccons/pdf/licensing_and_fintech/ssm.guide_to_assessment_of_credit_institution_licensing_applications_draft.en.pdf.
[8] European Commission. Regulated Professions Database. http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regprof/index.cfm?action=stat_ranking&b_services=false.
[9] European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism. 2013. Development and Implementation of EU Road Cabotage: Annex. https://www.transportforetagen.se/Documents/Publik_F%C3%B6rbunden/Transportindustrif%C3%B6rbundet/Annex%20Final%20cabotage%20EU%20study.pdf.
[10] Federal Medical Code of the Federal Republic of Germany of April 16, 1987 (Bundesärzteordnung). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/b_o/BJNR018570961.html.
[11] Gambling Commission. 2017. Industry Statistics. http://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news-action-and-statistics/Statistics-and-research/Statistics/Industry-statistics.aspx.
[12] Gis, W., and Waśkiewicz, J. 2017. Development of the International Freight Transport Sector in Poland Against the Background of the EU Market.Combustion Engines 171(4): 181–184.
[13] Humphris, A., and Koumenta, M. 2015. The Effects of Occupational Licensing on Employment, Skills and Quality: aCase Study of Two Occupations in the UK. http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/13364/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/native.
[14] Interstate Treaty on Broadcasting and Telemedia (Interstate Broadcasting Treaty). https://www.die-medienanstalten.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Rechtsgrundlagen/Gesetze_Staatsv
[15] Kaluzynska, M. 2008. How Effective Are Administrative Simplification Policies? Actions for Reducing Administrative Burdens; Role of an Overall Administrative Procedure Legal Framework; Factors of Success and Failure. http://regulatoryreform.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Poland-Simplification-of-legislation-in-Poland-2008.pdf.
[16] Kenneth, M.G. 2005. Regulation of Taxi Markets in Developing Countries: Issues and Options. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/214578-1099488338138/20522187/TRN-3_Taxi_Reg.pdf.
[17] Kovacs, E., Schmidt, A.E., Szocska, G., Busse, R., McKee, M., and Legido-Quigley, H. 2014. Licensing Procedures and Registration of Medical Doctors in the European Union.Clinical Medicine 14(3): 229–238.
[18] Lewandowski, P. 2016. Attempts to Protect the Internal Market for Road Transport in Specific European Union Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe of the Maritime University of Szczecin 47(119): 141–146.
[19] Pagliero, M., and Timmons, E. 2013. Occupational Regulation in the European Legal Market.The European Journal of Comparative Economics 10(2): 243–265.
[20] Pak, Ye.V., and Polyanova, T.N. 2015. Common Transport Policy of the European Union: a Road Map for the Eurasian Economic Union.Vestnik MGIMO-University 3(42): 199–209.
[21] Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 ‘Establishing Common Rules Concerning the Conditions to Be Complied with to Pursue the Occupation of Road Transport Operator and Repealing Council Directive 96/26/EC’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009R1071.
[22] Regulation (EC) No 1072/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 ‘On Common Rules for Access to the International Road Haulage Market’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R1072.
[23] Room, R. 2004. Disabling the Public Interest: Alcohol Strategies and Policies for England.Addiction 99(9): 1083–1089.
[24] Skok, W., and Tissut, M. 2003. Managing Change: the London Taxi Cabs Case Study. Strategic Change 12(2): 95–108.
[25] Solé, M., Panteli, D., Risso-Gill, I., Döring, N., Busse, R., McKeeF, M., and Legido-Quigley, H. 2014. How Do Medical Doctors in the European Union Demonstrate That They Continue to Meet Criteria for Registration and Licencing?Clinical Medicine 14(6): 633–639.
[26] Spiliopoulos, O. 2014. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement as a Framework of Integration Between the Two Parties.Procedia Economics and Finance 9: 256–263.
[27] Statistical Release. 2017. Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Statistics: England 2017. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/642759/taxi-private-hire-vehicles-2017.pdf.
[28] Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland of 2015 No. 393 ‘The Taxi Licensing Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2015/393/regulation/4/made.
[29] Van der Loo, G., Van Elsuwege, P., and Petrov, R. 2014. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement: Assessment of an Innovative Legal Instrument.EUI Working Papers. https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=709021124002093090085098111030127125051054034003088001030111064123087079074087030026039118010062037125043100107096001016113025112085069038022030029107029111115013093004007022081106016013025091006015118003002124125122104076070102123085065007105064103116&EXT=pdf.
[30] World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. 2013. Doing business 2013. Smarter Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB13-full-report.pdf.
[31] World Bank Group. 2018. Doing Business 2018. Reforming to Create Jobs. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB2018-Full-Report.pdf.
[32] Mishchenko, S.V. 2009. Financial crisis influence upon realization of monetary policy by central banks. Actual Problems of Economics 9(99): 209-218.
[33] Council Directive 77/249/EEC of March 22, 1977 ‘To Facilitate the Effective Exercise by Lawyers of Freedom to Provide Services’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:31977L0249.
[34] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 26, 1983 ‘Medical Act 1983’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/54/contents.
[35] Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses of December 7, 1984 No. 8073-X. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10.
[36] Law of Ukraine of December 21, 1993 No. 3759-XII ‘On Television and Broadcasting’. http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3759-12.
[37] Law of the Republic of Poland of December 5, 1996 ‘On the Professions of a Doctor and a Dentist’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20112771634.
[38] Directive 98/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of February16, 1998 ‘To Facilitate Practice of the Profession of Lawyer on a Permanent Basis in a Member State Other Than That in Which the Qualification Was Obtained’. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A31998L0005.
[39] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of June 22, 1998 ‘Road Haulage Law’ (Güterkraftverkehrsgesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/g_kg_1998/index.html#BJNR148510998BJNE000706123.
[40] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of September 09, 1998 ‘On Banking’ (Kreditwesengesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kredwg/BJNR008810961.html.
[41] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of November 20, 1998 ‘On Restaurant Activity’ (Gaststättengesetz). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gastg/.
[42] Law of Ukraine of December 07, 2000 No. 2121-III ‘On Banks and Banking’. http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2121-14.
[43] Criminal Code of Ukraine of April 05, 2001 No. 2341-III. http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14.
[44] Law of the Republic of Poland of September 6, 2001 ‘On Road Transport’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20011251371&type=2.
[45] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of July 23, 2002 ‘Youth Protection Act’ (Jugendschutzgesetzes). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/juschg/BJNR273000002.html.
[46] Law of the Republic of Poland of March 28, 2003 ‘On Rail Transport’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20030860789.
[47] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 10, 2003 ‘The Licensing Act 2003’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/17/contents.
[48] Law of the Republic of Poland of July 2, 2004 ‘On the Freedom of Economic Activity’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20041731807.
[49] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of July 8, 2004 ‘Gangmasters (Licensing) Act 2004’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/11/crossheading/licensing.
[50] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of April 7, 2005 ‘Gambling Act 2005’. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/19/contents.
[51] Law of the Federal Republic of Germany of May 5, 2008 ‘On Amending the Regulation on International Road Haulage and Cabotage’ (GüKGrKabotageV). https://dejure.org/BGBl/2008/BGBl._I_S._794.
[52] Tax Code of Ukraine of December 2, 2010 No. 2755-VI. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2755-17.
[53] Law of the Republic of Poland of June 9, 2011 ‘Geological and Mining Law’. http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20111630981.
[54] Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of May 14, 2014 ‘Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014’. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/17/introduction/enacted.
[55] Law of Ukraine of March 02, 2015 No. 222-VІІ ‘On Licensing of Types of Economic Activities’. http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/222-19/paran129#n129.
[56] Industrial Code of the Federal Republic of Germany of February 22, 1999 (Gewerbeordnung). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gewo/index.html.
Published
2018-09-30
How to Cite
ZELDINA, Olena R.; AVERIANOVA, Yevheniia V..
Institute of Licensing of Economic Activities in the EU Countries: Lessons for Ukraine.
Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 5, p. 1839-1855, sep. 2018.
ISSN 2068-696X.
Available at: <https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/article/view/3417>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.5(35).39.
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