Criminal Law Measures to Combat Violent Crimes: International Experience and National Trends
Abstract
The article is devoted to criminal law measures to resist criminal abuses related to violence. In modern society, the protection of individual rights and freedoms is one of the most important tasks. Within this task, the most critical issue is that of protection of the individual from criminal violence by criminal law measures. The problems of violent crime, despite all measures taken by the state and society, do not go into the past, but become relevant for modern society. Without exaggeration, they represent a social disaster that threatens the security of the individual, society and the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the criminal law methods of combating violent crime, to study the criminal provisions relating to the use of violence in Kazakhstan's national criminal legislation and legislation in a number of foreign countries. The article examines the opinions of scientists on the nature and characteristics of criminal violence, the criminal law of Kazakhstan and the legislation of a number of foreign countries in terms of violent crimes, formulates conclusions and sets out the recommendations for the further improvement of the criminal protection of the individual against violent endeavors. On the basis of an examination of the theoretical material and experience of foreign countries in the field of countering violent crime, the author suggested ways of counteracting the mentioned crime, suggesting further improvement of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the sphere of protecting the individual from criminal violence. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in science and practice in addressing crime prevention, comparative characteristics of the criminal regulations regarding violence in Kazakhstan and foreign countries, as well as the subsequent reform of the criminal law in the field of the physical integrity of the individual.
References
[2] Afanaseva, O.R. 2013a. Mekhanizm sotsialnykh posledstvii nasilstvennykh prestuplenii: ponyatie, elementy, kharakteristika [The Social Consequences of Violent Crime: Concept, Elements, Characteristics]. Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika, 9(105), 91.
[3] Afanaseva, O.R. 2013b. Mekhanizm sotsialnykh posledstvii nasilstvennykh prestuplenii: ponyatie, svoistva, vidy [The Social Consequences of Violent Crime: Concept, Features, Types]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo instituta MVD Rossii, 4, 50.
[4] Afanaseva, O.R. 2016. Vozmeshchenie vreda poterpevshim [Compensation for Victims]. In A.I. Dolgova (Ed.), Prestupnost, ugolovnaya politika, zakon [Crime, criminal policy, law] (p. 109). Moscow: Russian Association for Criminology.
[5] Andrusenko, S.P. 2015. Vosstanovlenie sotsialnoi spravedlivosti i naznachenie sorazmernogo nakazaniya v kontekste printsipa non bis in idem [Restoration of Social Justice and Designation of Proportional Punishment in the Context of the Principle of non bis in idem]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava, 2, 28.
[6] Antonyan, U.M, Volkonskaya, E.K. 2013. Ponyatie nasilstvennogo prestupleniya [The Concept of Violent Crime. Nauchnyi portal MVD Rossii, 1(21), 3-8.
[7] Beccaria, C. 2004. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh [Crimes and Penalties]. Moscow: INFRA-M.
[8] Borodin, S.V 1997. Kvalifikatsiya prestuplenii protiv zhizni [Classification of Crimes Against Life] Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura: 47.
[9] Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1993-2012. 2012. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.- 2012/tables/1tabledatadecoverviewpdf/table_1_crime_in_the_united_states_by_volume_and_rate_per_100000_inhabitants_1993-2012.xls (accessed November 16, 2017)
[10] Gaukhman, L.D. 1969. Borba s nasilstvennymi posyagatelstvami [The Fight against Violent Attacks] Moscow: Yuridicheskaya Literatura: p. 4.
[11] Gukasyan, A.A. 2012. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost za ubiistva, svyazannye s soversheniem drugikh prestuplenii, predusmotrennykh v kachestve ego kvalifitsiruyushchikh priznakov, v usloviyakh izmenyayushchegosya zakonodatelstva [Criminal Liability for Murders Related to the Commission of Other Offenses Defined as Its Qualifying feature, in the Context of Changing Law]. Rossiiskii sledovatel, 12, 22.
[12] Kashepov, V.P. 2005. O garantiyakh ugolovno-pravovoi zashchity bezopasnosti lichnosti [On Guarantees of Criminal Legal Protection of the Security of the Person]. Zhurnal Rossiiskogo prava, 12, 54.
[13] Luneev V.V. 1999. Prestupnost XX veka. Mirovye, regionalnye i rossiiskie tendentsii [Crime of the 20th Century. World, Regional and Russian Tendencies], Moscow: 214.
[14] Marinkin, D.N., Izergina, K.N. 2016. Nasilie i ego znachenie v ugolovnom prave [Violence and its Importance in Criminal Law]. In Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii ʼPravovaya sistema Rossiiskoi Federatsii: istoriya, soderzhanie, primenenie norm, problemy, puti resheniyaʼ [Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ʼThe legal System of the Russian Federation. History, Content, Application of Norms, Problems, Solutions], Perm: 249.
[15] Olkov, S.G. 2010. Nasilstvennaya prestupnost v Rossii: Sushchnost, tendentsii, zakonomernosti, prestupniki i zhertvy, ushcherb i protivodeistvie [Violent Crime in Russia: The Nature, Trends and Patterns, Criminals and Victims, Damage and Resistance]. Publichnoe i chastnoe pravo, 1, 37.
[16] Ugolovnyi kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 3 iyulya 2014 goda No. 226-V (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 11.07.2017 g.) [Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 226-V (as amended and supplemented on July 11, 2017)]. (2014, July 3). https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31575252 (accessed November 16, 2017)
[17] Yurchenko, R. 2012. Primenenie sudami norm Zakona Respubliki Kazakhstan ʼO profilaktike bytovogo nasiliyaʼ [Application by the Courts of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ʼOn Prevention of Domestic Violence]. https://www.zakon.kz/4502682-primenenie-sudami-norm-zakona.html (accessed November 16, 2017).
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.