Models of Innovation Development: Measurement Indicators and their Interaction (a Case Study of Kazakhstan)
Abstract
The goal of the study is to demonstrate that the Triple Helix model neither sufficiently reflects the process of innovation development nor justifies the fourth helix, the indicators of which describe the real situation in the social and economic area of the country and are an important element of the innovation ecosystem. The study uses empirical methods: observation, measurement, description of facts; logical inferences; sampling of the required information, its grouping; system and statistical analysis; and comparison of the indicators under study. The analysis of the existing models of innovation development and their applicability in Kazakhstan practice has been carried out. Considering the Triple Helix concept of innovation development, a proposal is made to introduce a fourth player – the civil society, which ensures the influence and voice of the people and serves as a channel of communication with the authorities. The solution of the innovation problem presented in the article is of interest to the post-Soviet countries and emerging economies, where social issues and the welfare of citizens have not received sufficient attention, but the components of the Triple Helix (government, universities and business) do not work without their solution. The distinction of the study lies in the development of a model of the fourth helix of innovation development, which reflects the state of the civil society and socioeconomic processes in the country.
References
[2] Achilladelis, B., Schwarzkopf, A., and Cines, M. 1987. A Study of Innovation in the Pesticide Industry: Analysis of the Innovation Record of an Industrial Sector. Research Policy, 16, 175-212.
[3] Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. (n.d.). www.kaznu.kz/ru, (accessed 21.09.2017)
[4] Berikbolova, U.D., and Umirzakova, M.A. 2015. Innovatsionnoye razvitiye Kazakhstana i yego ekonomicheskaya konkurentosposobnost [Innovation-driven growth of Kazakhstan and its economic competitiveness]. International scientific journal ‘Science and Peace’, 1 (17), 16-18.
[5] Carayannis, G., and Campbell, D.F.J. 2012. Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems. Springer Briefs in Business.
[6] Chesbrough, H.W. 2003. The era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 35-41.
[7] Etzkowitz, H. 2011. Troynaya spiral. Universitety – predpriyatiya – gosudarstvo. Innovatsii v deystvii [The Triple Helix: University–Industry–Government. Innovation in Action]. (A.F. Uvarov, Trans.). Tomsk: Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
[8] Global Trends in Urban Water Supply and Waste Water Financing and Management: Changing Roles for the Public and Private Sectors. 2000. Paris: OECD.
[9] Godin, B., and Lane, J. 2013. Pushes and Pulls: The Hi(story) of the Demand Pull Model of Innovation. Project on the Intellectual History of Innovation, pp. 13.
[10] Heng, L.H., Nuratika, F., Mohd, О., Amran, MdR., and Iqbal, M.J. 2012. Fourth Pillar in the Transformation of Production Economy to Knowledge Economy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 530- 536.
[11] Huizingh, E.K. 2011. Open innovation: state of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31 (1), 2-9.
[12] Jalilova, A. 2016. Rynok truda v Kazakhstane stabiliziruyetsya [Labor market in Kazakhstan is stabilizing]. https://365info.kz/2016/06/rynok-truda-v-kazahstane-stabiliziruetsya/ (accessed 21.09.2017)
[13] Katukov, D.D., Malygin, V.E., and Smorodinskaya, N.V. 2012. Institutsionalnaya sreda globalizirovannoy ekonomiki: razvitiye setevykh vzaimodeystviy [Institutional environment of the globalized economy: development of network interactions]. Moscow: RAS Institute of Economics, pp. 45.
[14] Kazakh National Agrarian University. (n.d.). www.kaznau.kz/ (accessed 21.09.2017)
[15] Kazakh National Research Technical University after K.I. Satpaev. (n.d.). www.kaznitu.kz/, (accessed 21.09.2017)
[16] Kleinknecht, A., and Verspagen, B. 1990. Demand and innovation: Schmookler re-examined. Research Policy, 19, 387-394
[17] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘O nauke [About Science]’ dated February 18, 2011 No. 407-IV.
[18] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘Ob obrazovanii [About Education]’ dated July 27, 2007, No. 319-III ZRK. http://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=18150 (accessed 21.09.2017)
[19] Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 31, 2015 No. 381-V ‘O kommertsializatsii rezultatov nauchnoy i (ili) nauchno-tekhnicheskoy deyatelnosti [About commercialization of the results of academic and/or scientific and technical activities]’
[20] Leydesdorff, L. 1996. Emergence of a Triple Helix of university – industry - government relations. Science and public policy, 23(5), 279-286.
[21] MacGregor, S.P., and Carleton, T. 2012. Sustaining Innovation. Collaboration Models for a Complex World. New York: Springer
[22] Main Science and Technology Indicators. 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/msti-v2014-2-en (accessed 21.09.2017)
[23] Mowery, D.C., and Rosenberg, N. 1979. The Influence of Market Demand upon Innovation: A Critical Review of Some Recent Empirical Studies. Research Policy, 8(2), 102-153
[24] National report on science. 2016. Astana: National Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, pp. 110.
[25] Nazarbayev universitet poluchil vysokuyu otsenku Yevropeyskoy Assotsiatsii universitetov [Nazarbayev University received a high grade from the European Association of Universities]. (n.d.). https://nu.edu.kz/ru/ (accessed 21.09.2017)
[26] Official website of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (n.d.). http://edu.gov.kz/ru (accessed 21.09.2017)
[27] Official website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (n.d.). https://www.enbek.gov.kz/ru (accessed 21.09.2017)
[28] Official website of the National Agency for Technological Development (n.d.). http://natd.gov.kz/ru/tidings/news_ru/ (accessed 21.09.2017)
[29] Official website of the RK Committee on Statistics. (n.d.). www.stat.kz (accessed 21.09.2017)
[30] Oshakbaev, R. 2017. Lovushka srednego dokhoda: vyzov dlya Kazakhstana [Middle income trap: a challenge for Kazakhstan]. Astana Economic Forum, Atameken Business Channel, June 16, 2017.
[31] Rothwell, R. 1994. Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process. International Marketing Review, 11(1), 7–31.
[32] S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. (n.d.). www.kazatu.kz/, (accessed 21.09.2017)
[33] Sagieva, R.K., Zhuparova, A.S., and Zeynullina, Zh.R. (n.d.). Naukoyemkaya ekonomika: kontseptualnyye podkhody kopredeleniyu i izmereniyu [Science-intensive economy: conceptual approaches to determination and measurement]. Al-Farabi bulletin, series’Economics, 2, 12-17.
[34] Salmi, J. 2012. The vintage handicap: Can a young university achieve worldclass status? Times Higher Education Supplement, 70, 2-3
[35] Samara, E. 2010. The Spin-off Chain. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 5 (3), 51-68.
[36] Savedoff, D., and Spiller, P.T. 1993. Spilled water: institutional commitment in the provision of water services. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank
[37] Schmookler, J. 1966. Invention and Economic Growth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 332.
[38] Schumpeter, J. 2001. History of Economic Analysis. (V.S. Avtonomov, Trans.). Vol. 1-3. Moscow: Economic School
[39] Shavinina, L.V. 2003. The International Handbook on Innovation. Elsevier, pp. 1171.
[40] Solow, R.M. 1956. A Contributiont o the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
[41] Solow, R.M. 1957. Technical Changeand the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320.
[42] State program for the development of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020 dated December 7, 2010 No. 1118. http://iqaa.kz/images/Laws/%D0%93%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E_2011_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB.pdf (accessed 21.09.2017)
[43] State program of industrial and innovation-driven growth of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019, No. 874 dated August 1, 2014. http://pm.zed.kz/enpage/view/gpiir accessed 21.09.2017)
[44] Walsh, V. 1984. Invention and Innovation in the Chemical Industry: Demand-pull or Discovery-push? Research Policy, 13, 211-34.
[45] Zisser, Yu. 2016. Innovation Belarus: thoughts aloud. Journal ‘Money and Power’, https://news.tut.by/economics/518133.html (accessed 21.09.2017)
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.