The Impact of Corruption on the Institutions of Political Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan: The Cratological Context and Law Enforcement Activities
Abstract
Since the Republic of Kazakhstan gained its sovereignty in the law enforcement system, a number of large-scale reforms have been carried out, state programs have been approved and implemented, a full-scale recertification of employees of all law enforcement agencies, and a regulatory base have been updated through the adoption of special laws on law enforcement and internal affairs bodies. However, despite all the above circumstances, the level of corruption in the internal affairs bodies is still high.
Obviously, there is a whole complex of latent reasons for this situation and the author denotes the contours of their scientific research. The most difficult direction, which the author singled out, should be recognized as a change in approaches to the formation of a strategy for combating corruption. This article suggests a preliminary analytical description of the impact of corruption on political institutions in terms of cratology and the most significant aspects of regulation.
References
[2] Absattarov, G.R. 2012. The essence and definition of Kazakhstan's legal policy: a political approach to research. Bulletin of KazNPU.
[3] Alexander, J. 2014. Notes towards a definition of politics. Philosophy 89, 348, 273–300.
[4] Anikin, A.V. 2009. Scottish Sage: Adam Smith. A Study on the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Moscow: Eksmo, pp. 879-901, 960p, ISBN 9785699183890.
[5] Arendt, H. 1998. The Human Condition (2nd Edition). Chicago Univ. Press.
[6] Arendt, H. 2007. The Promise of Politics (Reprint Edition). Schocken.
[7] Arkhede, Olsson, S. 2014. Corruption and Political Participation: A Multilevel Analysis. QoG Working Paper Series 2014, 12 November, ISSN 1653-8919.
[8] Avery, M., Rudovsky, D., and Blum, K. 2004. Police misconduct: law and litigation. New York: Thomson West.
[9] Collingwood, R.G. 1942. The New Leviathan. Oxford Univ. Press.
[10] Collingwood, R.G. 1989. Essays in the Political Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood. D. Boucher, ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
[11] Damaskin, O. 2009. Corruption. Condition, causes, reaction. Moscow, p.48.
[12] Gadzhiev, KS. 2001. Political science: Textbook for higher educational institutions. Moscow: Logos, p 488.
[13] Gillespie, J. 2010. Police Corruption, Deviance, Accountability and Reform in Policing: A Review. Journal of policy and practice, 25-36.
[14] Gordon, A.V. 2004. Samuel Huntington and his concept of political modernization. S.Hantington. Political order in changing societies. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya, pp.7-18, 480 p.
[15] Gottschalk, P. 2011. Police Misconduct Behaviour: An Empirical Study of Court Cases. A Journal of Policy and Practice, 172-179.
[16] Green, P., and Ward, T. 2004. State crime: governments, violence and corruption. New York: Pluto Press.
[17] Harrison, J., Cragg, S., Williams, H., and Khan, S. 2005. Police misconduct: legal remedies. New York: Legal Action Group etc.
[18] Hobbes, T. 1936. Leviathan. M., p.234.
[19] Lugovskoy, V. Akimats and their subdivisions account for almost half of corruption crimes, InformBURO. https://informburo.kz/novosti/na-akimaty-i-ih-podrazdeleniya-prihoditsya-pochti-polovina-korrupcionnyh-prestupleniy-4791.html (accessed May 20, 2015).
[20] Luo, Yadong. Political Behavior, Social Responsibility, and Perceived Corruption: A Structuration Perspective. Journal of International Business Studies 6 (2006): 747-766.
[21] Mandeville, B. The Fable of the Bees: Or private vices, publick benefits. Russian translation A.L. Subbotin. Moscow. IFRAN. 2013.
[22] Nurgaliyev, B.M., Lakbayev, K.S., Kussainova, A.K., Boretsky, A.V. Impact of organized crime on shadow economy: Social impact assessment, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7(7) (2014): 644-651.
[23] Oakeshott, M. 1975. On Human Conduct. Oxford Univ. Press, 1975.
[24] Obrenovic, Z. Design as a political activity: borrowing from classical political theories, Magazine interactions. 6 (2015): 42-45.
[25] Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Address of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan of January 17, 2014. Kazakhstan way-2050: Unified goal, common interests, common future, http://www.akorda.kz/ru/addresses/addresses_of_president/poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazahstan-nnazarbaeva-narodu-kazahstana-17-yanvarya-2014-g.
[26] Olsson, S.A. Corruption and Political Participation: A Multilevel Analysis. QoG Working Paper Series. 2014.
[27] Osipov, A.B. Corruption Crime in the Internal Affairs Agencies. Thesis for a scientific degree of Candidate of Juridical Sciences, St. Petersburg, p.5, 167 pp.
[28] Satpayev, D.A. 2009. Kazakhstan political science is trapped in ʽadvanced institutionalizationʽ. Topical issues of the development of political science in Kazakhstan. Almaty: Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Spiritual Development Foundation of the People of Kazakhstan, Center for Contemporary Studies ʽAlternativeʽ, p.4 - 74 p.
[29] Tolegen, M.A., Boretsky, A.V., Balashov, T.T. Interaction of mass media, government bodies of the power and public opinion in crime prevention questions: Urgent criminological, political and legal aspects, Life Science Journal 10(4) (2013): 84-92.
[30] The legal reference system Paragraph. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘On Counteracting Corruption’ of November 18, 2010, http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=33478302.
[31] Yong, Ed. 2016. Corruption Corrupts: A psychological study spanning 23 countries links tax evasion and political fraud to individual truth-stretching. Ruben Sprich / Reuters. MARCH 9.
[32] Young, S. 1968. Organization as a total system. Calif. Manag. Rewiew, v. X, № 3, p. 21–32.
[33] Young, S. 1972. System management of the organization. Trans. With the English. Ed. S.P. Nikanorov, S. A. Batasov. M., p. 456.
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.