Preliminary Study of Biological Traces on the Crime Scene
Abstract
The article discusses the features of detection, fixation and withdrawal of traces of biological origin for forensic and expert research. Currently, evidences of biological origin derived from various life processes of various biological objects become increasingly important for crime investigation. Biological traces have been studied and categorized by various scientists, however, with the technological progress in general and the development of the forensic technology in particular, an opportunity arises to study unconventional biological traces previously neglected by criminologists and experts, apart from the more accurate study of traditional biological traces, such as blood, semen, and saliva. Such studies provide an opportunity to more effectively study crimes, and to convict the guilty. Therefore, the issue raised in the framework of this article is very timely and relevant.
The author reveals the features of investigative actions, in particular, inspection of the crime scene, fixation, withdrawal, transportation, and storage of various traces of biological origin. It has been shown that taking these characteristics into account may provide successful investigation, while ignoring them may not only complicate the case, but also cause errors in the investigation, which, in turn, may have negative effect on court judgment, and result in conviction of an innocent person
References
[2] Aleksandrenko, E. V. 2010. Oshibki pri naznachenii i provedenii sudebnyh ehkspertiz pri rassledovanii serijnyh seksualnyh ubijstv [Mistakes in appointing and performing forensic examinations during investigation of serial sexual murders]. Forensic expert, 4: 36 - 39.
[3] Brewer, W.E., Goode, S.R., Lambert, S.J. and Morgan, S.L. 1998. Teaching Forensic Analytical Chemistry. Presented at the University of Maryland Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society’s Online Chemical Education Conference, pp. 23.
[4] Butler, J.M., Reeder, D.J. and Ruitberg, C.M. 2001. STRBase: a short tandem repeat DNA database for the human identity testing community. Nucleic Acids Research, 29(1): 320-322.
[5] Churilov, Y. 2011. Nasilnik ili zhertva ogovora? [A rapist or a victim of slander?] ‘EZh-Lawyer’, pp. 30.
[6] Coleman, H. and Swenson, E. 1994. DNA in the Courtroom: A Trial Watcher’s Guide. Washington, USA: GeneLex Press, Seattle.
[7] Dilbarkhanova, J. R. 2007. Specialnye znaniya v rassledovanii transnacionalnyh prestuplenij. [Special knowledge in investigation of transnational crimes]. Almaty: Lawyer, pp. 75.
[8] DNA in the Courtroom. Available at: http://www.genelex.com/paternitytesting/paternitybook_pref.html (accessed January 7, 2004).
[9] Dvorkin, A., Kasyanenko, V. and Tolpekin, K. 1997. Vozbuzhdenie ugolovnyh del ob ubijstvah, svyazannyh s otchuzhdeniem zhilya [Opening criminal homicide cases involving estrangement of residence]. ‘Legality’, 1: 27-29.
[10] Laptev, S. A. and Zubenko, E. V. 2014. Osobennosti organizacii i provedeniya rozysknyh meropriyatij pervonachalnogo ehtapa rassledovaniya dorozhno-transportnyh prestuplenij, sopryazhennyh s ostavleniem poterpevshih v opasnosti. [Peculiarities of organizing and performing investigative actions at the initial stage of investigation of road transport crimes that involve leaving victims in danger]. Transport law, 4: 15 - 19.
[11] Malykhina, N. I. 2012. Methods of finding biological characteristics of an unknown perpetrator. Russian investigator, 24: 5 - 7.
[12] Maratkyzy, A. 2016. Bases of studying traces in forensic science. Almaty, Bulletin of KazSU n.a. Al-Farabi, legal series, 2(78): 356.
[13] Moiseeva, T. F. 2003. Opportunities and prospects of human identification and diagnostics of his properties by the traces of sweat and blood. Man as the source of forensically relevant information: Materials of the All-Russian Interdepartmental Scientific-Practical Conference: In 2 parts A. M. Zinin, M. N. Shukhnina (Eds.). Saratov, pp. 106.
[14] Oblachinsky, A. 2013. Vse bylo po lyubvi, a ochnulsya v izolyatore [Everything was in love, and I woke up in the isolation ward]. ‘EZh-Lawyer’, 31: 16.
[15] Report Issued By the Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs. (November 2000). Available at: http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/183697.pdf (accessed January 7, 2004).
[16] Shamanova, T. M. 2002. Mikroobyekty. Osobennosti poiska i obnaruzheniya [Micro-objects. Peculiarities of search and discovery]. Citizen and the law, 3: 23-34.
[17] Shamonova, T.N. 2007. Human traces at the crime scene, and their role in evidence. The biological aspect. Moscow: Mos. University of MIA of Russia, p. 10.
[18] Shaydullin, F. T. 2012. Uchastie specialista v proizvodstve po ugolovnym delam [Participation of an expert in criminal proceedings]. Russian investigator, 15: 16 - 17.
[19] Skorchenko, P. T. 2012. Proizvodstvo predvaritelnogo issledovaniya kriminalisticheskih obyektov na stadii provedeniya pervonachalnyh sledstvennyh dejstvij [Preliminary studying of forensic objects at the stage of initial investigation]. Russian investigator, 12: 7 - 9.
[20] Taylor, J.K. 1983. Validation of Analytical Methods. Analytical Chemistry, 55(6): 600A-604A.
[21] The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group
The Copyright Transfer Form to ASERS Publishing (The Publisher)
This form refers to the manuscript, which an author(s) was accepted for publication and was signed by all the authors.
The undersigned Author(s) of the above-mentioned Paper here transfer any and all copyright-rights in and to The Paper to The Publisher. The Author(s) warrants that The Paper is based on their original work and that the undersigned has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment. It is the author's responsibility to obtain written permission to quote material that has been previously published in any form. The Publisher recognizes the retained rights noted below and grants to the above authors and employers for whom the work performed royalty-free permission to reuse their materials below. Authors may reuse all or portions of the above Paper in other works, excepting the publication of the paper in the same form. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above Paper for the Author's personal use or for internal company use, provided that the source and The Publisher copyright notice are mentioned, that the copies are not used in any way that implies The Publisher endorsement of a product or service of an employer, and that the copies are not offered for sale as such. Authors are permitted to grant third party requests for reprinting, republishing or other types of reuse. The Authors may make limited distribution of all or portions of the above Paper prior to publication if they inform The Publisher of the nature and extent of such limited distribution prior there to. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in The Paper. This agreement becomes null and void if and only if the above paper is not accepted and published by The Publisher, or is with drawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the Publisher.